An AC optimal power flow framework for active–reactive power scheduling considering generator capability curve

Shri Ram Vaishya
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Abstract

This paper presents a simplified optimal power flow (OPF) framework to facilitate co-optimised active and reactive power scheduling for synchronous generators and price-sensitive demands. The proposed framework creates an opportunity for generators and loads to simultaneously participate in a combined market for active and reactive power. The co-optimisation of active and reactive power generation is constrained by the interdependence of the active and reactive power capacities, which is represented by the generator capability curve. Thus, a detailed mathematical derivation of the opportunity costs across various regions of the generator capability curve is presented. This study considers a detailed generator capability curve that considers the armature, field, under-excitation, and prime mover limits. The interdependence of active and reactive power consumption for demand is modelled using the concept of power-factor. The OPF problem for generator and load scheduling is formulated as a non-linear optimisation task, leveraging the inherent properties of the generator capability curve, that is, piecewise smoothness, continuity, and the monotonically increasing slope magnitudes. Furthermore, to simplify the OPF formulation, the non-linear capability curve is represented as a combination of the linear curves. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed OPF methodologies, suitable case studies are conducted using different test systems.

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考虑发电机能力曲线的有功-无功功率调度交流优化功率流框架
本文提出了一个简化的最优功率流(OPF)框架,以促进同步发电机和价格敏感需求的有功和无功功率共同优化调度。所提出的框架为发电机和负载同时参与有功和无功功率联合市场创造了机会。有功和无功发电的共同优化受制于有功和无功发电能力的相互依存性,而这种相互依存性由发电机能力曲线表示。因此,需要对发电机能力曲线各区域的机会成本进行详细的数学推导。本研究考虑了详细的发电机能力曲线,包括电枢、磁场、欠励磁和原动机限制。利用功率因数的概念模拟了需求的有功和无功功率消耗之间的相互依存关系。利用发电机能力曲线的固有特性,即片断平滑性、连续性和单调递增的斜率大小,将发电机和负载调度的 OPF 问题表述为非线性优化任务。此外,为了简化 OPF 表述,非线性能力曲线被表示为线性曲线的组合。为了证明所提出的 OPF 方法的有效性,我们使用不同的测试系统进行了适当的案例研究。
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