From neglect to peril: diabetic ketoacidosis unleashing colonic necrosis and perforation in an adolescent girl with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Objectives Abdominal pain is a common presentation in patients of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). However, this pain generally resolves with resolution of dehydration and acidosis. Persistence of abdominal pain even after resolution of ketosis and acidosis should warrant careful reassessment to find evidence of sepsis and concomitant abdominal pathology. Case presentation We report a rare case of type 1 diabetes mellitus in a 15 year old girl diagnosed 6 months ago who presented with mild DKA (pH 7.24, HCO3 − 13.5 mmol/L). Her hospital course was extremely stormy and despite best of our efforts she succumbed due to colonic ischemia and perforation peritonitis. Conclusions A high index of suspicion for gut ischemia or perforation should be kept if DKA is associated with septic shock and there is suboptimal response to standard treatment. Mesenteric ischemia can occur in pediatric patients even with mild DKA having very poor diabetes control.