Ouissam Al Jarroudi, Khalid El Bairi, Giuseppe Curigliano, Said Afqir
{"title":"Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors: A New Line of Attack in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.","authors":"Ouissam Al Jarroudi, Khalid El Bairi, Giuseppe Curigliano, Said Afqir","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-33602-7_2","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poor prognosis is a distinctive feature of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Chemotherapy has long represented the main and unique treatment for patients with TNBC. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) were investigated in several clinical trials and were approved for clinical use in TNBC patients that express programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) in combination with chemotherapy in the first-line setting. ICIs are also being investigated in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings for TNBC. This chapter aims to discuss different ICIs used to treat all TNBC stages to date.</p>","PeriodicalId":9486,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research","volume":"188 ","pages":"29-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Cancer treatment and research","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33602-7_2","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"Medicine","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Poor prognosis is a distinctive feature of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Chemotherapy has long represented the main and unique treatment for patients with TNBC. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) were investigated in several clinical trials and were approved for clinical use in TNBC patients that express programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) in combination with chemotherapy in the first-line setting. ICIs are also being investigated in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings for TNBC. This chapter aims to discuss different ICIs used to treat all TNBC stages to date.
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