The hemodynamic response function as a type 2 diabetes biomarker: a data-driven approach

IF 2.5 4区 医学 Q2 MATHEMATICAL & COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY Frontiers in Neuroinformatics Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI:10.3389/fninf.2023.1321178
Pedro Guimarães, Pedro Serranho, João V. Duarte, Joana Crisóstomo, Carolina Moreno, Leonor Gomes, Rui Bernardes, Miguel Castelo-Branco
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Abstract

Introduction

There is a need to better understand the neurophysiological changes associated with early brain dysfunction in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) before vascular or structural lesions. Our aim was to use a novel unbiased data-driven approach to detect and characterize hemodynamic response function (HRF) alterations in T2DM patients, focusing on their potential as biomarkers.

Methods

We meshed task-based event-related (visual speed discrimination) functional magnetic resonance imaging with DL to show, from an unbiased perspective, that T2DM patients’ blood-oxygen-level dependent response is altered. Relevance analysis determined which brain regions were more important for discrimination. We combined explainability with deconvolution generalized linear model to provide a more accurate picture of the nature of the neural changes.

Results

The proposed approach to discriminate T2DM patients achieved up to 95% accuracy. Higher performance was achieved at higher stimulus (speed) contrast, showing a direct relationship with stimulus properties, and in the hemispherically dominant left visual hemifield, demonstrating biological interpretability. Differences are explained by physiological asymmetries in cortical spatial processing (right hemisphere dominance) and larger neural signal-to-noise ratios related to stimulus contrast. Relevance analysis revealed the most important regions for discrimination, such as extrastriate visual cortex, parietal cortex, and insula. These are disease/task related, providing additional evidence for pathophysiological significance. Our data-driven design allowed us to compute the unbiased HRF without assumptions.

Conclusion

We can accurately differentiate T2DM patients using a data-driven classification of the HRF. HRF differences hold promise as biomarkers and could contribute to a deeper understanding of neurophysiological changes associated with T2DM.

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作为 2 型糖尿病生物标志物的血液动力学响应函数:一种数据驱动方法
导言:在血管或结构病变之前,有必要更好地了解与 2 型糖尿病(T2DM)早期脑功能障碍相关的神经生理学变化。我们将基于任务的事件相关(视觉速度分辨)功能磁共振成像与 DL 相结合,从无偏见的角度表明 T2DM 患者的血氧水平依赖性反应发生了改变。相关性分析确定了哪些脑区对辨别更为重要。我们将可解释性与去卷积广义线性模型相结合,以更准确地描述神经变化的性质。在刺激(速度)对比度较高时表现较好,表明与刺激特性有直接关系;在大脑半球占优势的左侧视半球,表现出生物可解释性。皮层空间处理的生理不对称性(右半球优势)和与刺激对比度相关的较大神经信噪比可以解释这种差异。相关性分析揭示了最重要的分辨区域,如边缘外视觉皮层、顶叶皮层和脑岛。这些区域与疾病/任务相关,为病理生理学意义提供了更多证据。结论我们可以利用数据驱动的 HRF 分类准确区分 T2DM 患者。HRF 差异有望成为生物标记物,有助于加深对 T2DM 相关神经生理变化的理解。
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来源期刊
Frontiers in Neuroinformatics
Frontiers in Neuroinformatics MATHEMATICAL & COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY-NEUROSCIENCES
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
5.70%
发文量
132
审稿时长
14 weeks
期刊介绍: Frontiers in Neuroinformatics publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research on the development and implementation of numerical/computational models and analytical tools used to share, integrate and analyze experimental data and advance theories of the nervous system functions. Specialty Chief Editors Jan G. Bjaalie at the University of Oslo and Sean L. Hill at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne are supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international experts. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics and the public worldwide. Neuroscience is being propelled into the information age as the volume of information explodes, demanding organization and synthesis. Novel synthesis approaches are opening up a new dimension for the exploration of the components of brain elements and systems and the vast number of variables that underlie their functions. Neural data is highly heterogeneous with complex inter-relations across multiple levels, driving the need for innovative organizing and synthesizing approaches from genes to cognition, and covering a range of species and disease states. Frontiers in Neuroinformatics therefore welcomes submissions on existing neuroscience databases, development of data and knowledge bases for all levels of neuroscience, applications and technologies that can facilitate data sharing (interoperability, formats, terminologies, and ontologies), and novel tools for data acquisition, analyses, visualization, and dissemination of nervous system data. Our journal welcomes submissions on new tools (software and hardware) that support brain modeling, and the merging of neuroscience databases with brain models used for simulation and visualization.
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