Advanced nanoscale delivery systems for mRNA-based vaccines

IF 2.8 3区生物学 Q3 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI:10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130558

Maha Mobasher, Rais Ansari, Ana M. Castejon, Jaleh Barar, Yadollah Omidi

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Abstract

The effectiveness of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, especially those designed for COVID-19, relies heavily on sophisticated delivery systems that ensure efficient delivery of mRNA to target cells. A variety of nanoscale vaccine delivery systems (VDSs) have been explored for this purpose, including lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), liposomes, and polymeric nanoparticles made from biocompatible polymers such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), as well as viral vectors and lipid-polymer hybrid complexes. Among these, LNPs are particularly notable for their efficiency in encapsulating and protecting mRNA. These nanoscale VDSs can be engineered to enhance stability and facilitate uptake by cells. The choice of delivery system depends on factors like the specific mRNA vaccine, target cell types, stability requirements, and desired immune response. In this review, we shed light on recent advances in delivery mechanisms for self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vaccines, emphasizing groundbreaking studies on nanoscale delivery systems aimed at improving the efficacy and safety of mRNA/saRNA vaccines.

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基于 mRNA 的疫苗的先进纳米级输送系统

信使 RNA (mRNA) 疫苗，尤其是为 COVID-19 设计的疫苗，其有效性在很大程度上取决于能确保将 mRNA 有效递送到靶细胞的复杂递送系统。为此，人们探索了多种纳米级疫苗递送系统 (VDS)，包括脂质纳米颗粒 (NP)、脂质体、由聚（乳酸-共聚乙醇酸）等生物相容性聚合物制成的聚合物纳米颗粒，以及病毒载体和脂质-聚合物杂化复合物。其中，脂质纳米颗粒（LNPs）在封装和保护 mRNA 方面尤为突出。可以对这些 VDS 进行设计，以提高稳定性并促进细胞吸收。递送系统的选择取决于特定的 mRNA 疫苗、靶细胞类型、稳定性要求和期望的免疫反应等因素。在这篇综述中，我们将阐述自扩增 RNA (saRNA) 疫苗递送机制的最新进展，重点介绍旨在提高 mRNA/saRNA 疫苗有效性和安全性的纳米级递送系统的突破性研究。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects 生物-生化与分子生物学

CiteScore

6.40

自引率

0.00%

发文量

139

审稿时长

30 days

期刊介绍： BBA General Subjects accepts for submission either original, hypothesis-driven studies or reviews covering subjects in biochemistry and biophysics that are considered to have general interest for a wide audience. Manuscripts with interdisciplinary approaches are especially encouraged.