Phantosmia in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review of the Phenomenology of Olfactory Hallucinations

IF 3.2 Q2 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Neurology International Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI:10.3390/neurolint16010002
T. Ercoli, Caterina Francesca Bagella, C. Frau, Elisa Ruiu, Sabrine Othmani, Giansalvo Gusinu, C. Masala, L. Sechi, Paolo Solla, Giovanni Defazio
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Abstract

Olfactory dysfunction is a prevalent non-motor symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD), affecting approximately 65–90% of subjects. PD patients may also report odor perception in the absence of any external source, often referred to as olfactory hallucinations (OHs) or phantosmia. This study aims to explore the current understanding of OHs in PD and offer a comprehensive overview of their prevalence and characteristics. We conducted a systematic search of the literature published on PubMed from inception to July 2023 regarding OHs in PD, following PRISMA guidelines. From the 2875 studies identified through database searching, 29 studies fulfilled the necessary criteria and underwent data extraction. The frequency of OHs in PD patients varies widely, ranging from 0.5% to 18.2%, with female prevalence ranging from 36% to 75% of the patients. Olfactory experiences may vary widely, ranging from pleasant scents to unpleasant odors. Several studies have indicated the concurrent presence of other types of hallucinations alongside phantosmia, especially visual and auditory hallucinations. OHs in PD are a type of hallucination that has been largely overlooked. To gain a deeper understanding of OHs in PD patients, the next crucial step should involve the development and validation of a dedicated questionnaire.
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帕金森病的幻觉:嗅觉幻觉现象学的系统回顾
嗅觉功能障碍是帕金森病(PD)中一种普遍的非运动症状,约有 65%-90% 的患者会出现这种症状。帕金森病患者还可能在没有任何外部来源的情况下产生气味感知,这通常被称为嗅觉幻觉(OHs)或幻嗅症。本研究旨在探讨目前对帕金森病患者嗅幻觉的认识,并全面概述其发病率和特征。我们按照PRISMA指南,对PubMed上从开始到2023年7月发表的有关帕金森病OHs的文献进行了系统检索。通过数据库搜索确定了 2875 项研究,其中 29 项研究符合必要的标准并进行了数据提取。帕金森病患者出现OHs的频率差异很大,从0.5%到18.2%不等,女性患者的发病率从36%到75%不等。患者的嗅觉体验差异很大,既有令人愉悦的气味,也有令人不快的气味。一些研究表明,在幻视的同时还存在其他类型的幻觉,尤其是视觉和听觉幻觉。帕金森病患者的OH是一种在很大程度上被忽视的幻觉类型。要深入了解帕金森病患者的幻觉,下一个关键步骤应该是开发和验证专门的调查问卷。
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来源期刊
Neurology International
Neurology International CLINICAL NEUROLOGY-
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
3.30%
发文量
69
审稿时长
11 weeks
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