Evaluating the Semantic Equivalence of a Poetic Text

P. A. Sikatskaya, I. A. Remorov
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Abstract

Purpose. Some texts have been translated into another language multiple times. There are various reasons to compile a new translation of a previously translated text: some translators are not satisfied with the accuracy of the existing translations, while others try to create new interpretations. The study presents a comparative evaluation of translation equivalence on the base of one of Horace's odes, namely Ad Leuconoën (I:XI), and its 55 translations into Russian. Results. Detailed study of the problem revealed the impossibility of postulating a single scale of translation equivalence; at least for translations of a Latin poetic text, metrical, cultural, and semantic equivalence should be considered separately. The article describes the semantic equivalence. Our method is divided into two steps - semantic analysis and arithmetic calculations. First, in Horace's poem, we select 30 keywords, and then we define the actual semes for each of them in the original text and in the translations. Then we compare the semes and register the differences. At last, we determine the coefficient of semantic equivalence for every translation using the arithmetic means. Conclusion. High semantic equivalence does not always correlate with aesthetic perception. Moreover, earlier translations tend to have lesser equivalence.
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评估诗歌文本的语义等同性
目的。有些文本已被多次翻译成另一种语言。对以前翻译过的文本进行新的翻译有各种原因:有些译者对现有译文的准确性不满意,有些则试图创造新的解释。本研究以贺拉斯的一首颂歌《Ad Leuconoën》(I:XI)及其 55 篇俄语译文为基础,对译文的对等性进行了比较评估。结果。对这一问题的详细研究表明,不可能假设一个单一的翻译对等尺度;至少对拉丁诗歌文本的翻译而言,应分别考虑韵律、文化和语义对等。本文介绍的是语义对等。我们的方法分为两个步骤--语义分析和算术计算。首先,我们在贺拉斯的诗中选取 30 个关键词,然后为每个关键词在原文和译文中定义实际的词义。然后,我们比较这些词义并记录差异。最后,我们用算术方法确定每个译文的语义等同系数。结论语义高度对等并不总是与审美感知相关联。此外,较早的翻译往往具有较低的等效性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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