Advancements in nanotechnological approaches to volatile organic compound detection and separation

Abstract

This review examines the significant advancements and challenges in the field of gas sensing and separation, focusing on the detection and filtration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are critical atmospheric pollutants. Emphasis is placed on the integration of nanotechnology and novel materials such as metal–organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks in enhancing the efficiency and selectivity of gas sensors and separation filters. Recent innovations in surface-modified metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs) are explored, highlighting their improved interaction with VOCs due to nanoparticle enhancement. The review further delves into the application of various nanostructures such as graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and noble metal–modified MOS in gas-sensor development, highlighting their role in improving sensor reactivity and selectivity. Despite these advancements, the review identifies key challenges such as the uniform distribution of nanoparticles, scalability, cost-effectiveness, and long-term stability of the materials. Future perspectives include the need for efficient, low-energy, and environmentally friendly regeneration techniques for gas filters, along with addressing biocompatibility and environmental concerns related to the use of nanoparticles. The potential of novel synthesis techniques and a holistic approach to system design around the unique properties of nanostructured materials is also highlighted as a future direction in this field.