Automated legal reasoning with discretion to act using s(LAW)

IF 3.1 2区社会学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Artificial Intelligence and Law Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI:10.1007/s10506-023-09376-5

Joaquín Arias, Mar Moreno-Rebato, Jose A. Rodriguez-García, Sascha Ossowski

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Abstract

Automated legal reasoning and its application in smart contracts and automated decisions are increasingly attracting interest. In this context, ethical and legal concerns make it necessary for automated reasoners to justify in human-understandable terms the advice given. Logic Programming, specially Answer Set Programming, has a rich semantics and has been used to very concisely express complex knowledge. However, modelling discretionality to act and other vague concepts such as ambiguity cannot be expressed in top-down execution models based on Prolog, and in bottom-up execution models based on ASP the justifications are incomplete and/or not scalable. We propose to use s(CASP), a top-down execution model for predicate ASP, to model vague concepts following a set of patterns. We have implemented a framework, called s(LAW), to model, reason, and justify the applicable legislation and validate it by translating (and benchmarking) a representative use case, the criteria for the admission of students in the “Comunidad de Madrid”.

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使用 s（LAW）进行自动法律推理并酌情采取行动

自动法律推理及其在智能合约和自动决策中的应用越来越受到关注。在这种情况下，出于道德和法律方面的考虑，自动推理器有必要以人类可理解的方式证明所给出的建议是合理的。逻辑编程，特别是答案集编程，具有丰富的语义，已被用于非常简洁地表达复杂的知识。然而，基于 Prolog 的自上而下执行模型无法表达行动的自由裁量权建模和其他模糊概念（如模糊性），而基于 ASP 的自下而上执行模型则无法完整和/或扩展理由。我们建议使用 s(CASP)--谓词 ASP 的自顶向下执行模型--按照一组模式对模糊概念建模。我们实施了一个名为 s(LAW)的框架，用于对适用法律进行建模、推理和论证，并通过翻译（和基准测试）一个具有代表性的用例（"马德里社区 "的学生录取标准）对其进行验证。

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来源期刊

Artificial Intelligence and Law Multiple-

CiteScore

9.50

自引率

26.80%

发文量

期刊介绍： Artificial Intelligence and Law is an international forum for the dissemination of original interdisciplinary research in the following areas: Theoretical or empirical studies in artificial intelligence (AI), cognitive psychology, jurisprudence, linguistics, or philosophy which address the development of formal or computational models of legal knowledge, reasoning, and decision making. In-depth studies of innovative artificial intelligence systems that are being used in the legal domain. Studies which address the legal, ethical and social implications of the field of Artificial Intelligence and Law. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following: Computational models of legal reasoning and decision making; judgmental reasoning, adversarial reasoning, case-based reasoning, deontic reasoning, and normative reasoning. Formal representation of legal knowledge: deontic notions, normative modalities, rights, factors, values, rules. Jurisprudential theories of legal reasoning. Specialized logics for law. Psychological and linguistic studies concerning legal reasoning. Legal expert systems; statutory systems, legal practice systems, predictive systems, and normative systems. AI and law support for legislative drafting, judicial decision-making, and public administration. Intelligent processing of legal documents; conceptual retrieval of cases and statutes, automatic text understanding, intelligent document assembly systems, hypertext, and semantic markup of legal documents. Intelligent processing of legal information on the World Wide Web, legal ontologies, automated intelligent legal agents, electronic legal institutions, computational models of legal texts. Ramifications for AI and Law in e-Commerce, automatic contracting and negotiation, digital rights management, and automated dispute resolution. Ramifications for AI and Law in e-governance, e-government, e-Democracy, and knowledge-based systems supporting public services, public dialogue and mediation. Intelligent computer-assisted instructional systems in law or ethics. Evaluation and auditing techniques for legal AI systems. Systemic problems in the construction and delivery of legal AI systems. Impact of AI on the law and legal institutions. Ethical issues concerning legal AI systems. In addition to original research contributions, the Journal will include a Book Review section, a series of Technology Reports describing existing and emerging products, applications and technologies, and a Research Notes section of occasional essays posing interesting and timely research challenges for the field of Artificial Intelligence and Law. Financial support for the Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Law is provided by the University of Pittsburgh School of Law.