Diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer in the light of modern molecular genetic achievements

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to systematize and summarize the literature data on the study of clinical and genetic aspects, molecular pathogenesis, as well as new trends in the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer.Material and Methods. A literature search was conducted using Web of science, scopus, medline, pubmed, and elibrary databases.Results. Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death in women diagnosed with gynecological cancer. ovarian cancer is a heterogeneous disease composed of different types of tumors, each of which has differences in pathogenesis, spectrum and mutation frequencies in characteristic genes, response to therapy and prognosis of the disease. more than 80 % of all malignant ovarian tumors are of epithelial origin (carcinomas) and about 26 % of all cases of ovarian cancer are caused by germline mutations found in the BRCA1/BRCA2 genes. to date, the priority areas in the study of ovarian cancer are the improvement of diagnostic methods, algorithm of examination of women, identification of new biomarkers, study of tumor microenvironment and composition of ascitic fluid to detect cancer at early stages and prescribe appropriate therapy. Recent advances in targeted therapy based on the molecular profile of the tumor have made it possible to personalize treatment and increase its effectiveness. Achievements in molecular genetic, cytological, immunological and biochemical studies contribute to the development of novel approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer.Conclusion. With the advent of new novel approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer, it is becoming increasingly clear that the tumor microenvironment can significantly affect the success of chemotherapy. New biomarkers can help identify the best candidates for ovarian cancer treatment. Further basic and applied research is needed to explore the use of different diagnostic and therapeutic agents in ovarian cancer.