An Overview of the CRoME Lab’s MedSMA℞T Families Intervention for Promoting Opioid Medication Safety among Adolescents and Parents

Olufunmilola Abraham, T. McCarthy
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Abstract

As the opioid epidemic unrelentingly places profound weight on pharmacists, youth, parents, and the nation at large, innovative interventions are critical to prevent potential misuse and untimely death. Adolescents are especially vulnerable to misuse behaviors due to knowledge, attitudinal, and social influences. To best resonate with adolescents, appropriate tools and technologies must be developed and deployed. Few educational tools are more ubiquitous to adolescents than video games. Video games, specifically serious games, have the potential to connect with adolescents and impart critical knowledge related to opioid safety. Engaging youth, parents, and pharmacists in the design, refinement, and evaluation of a serious game is novel and necessary for building a robust, efficacious game. This commentary describes the conceptualization, inception, development, and evaluation of a novel opioid medication safety intervention, MedSMA℞T Families. This two-part intervention is comprised of an adolescent-tailored serious game entitled MedSMA℞T: Adventures in PharmaCity, and a family-focused tool named the personalized Family Medication Safety Plan. This intervention is the first theory-based, family-focused opioid medication safety toolkit co-designed by an interdisciplinary team of researchers, game developers, behavioral health scientists, pharmacists, student pharmacists, addiction medicine physician, adolescent health physician, parents, and teens. Responses from key stakeholders (pharmacists, parents, and teens) have demonstrated positive attitudes and impressions towards both components of the MedSMA℞T Families intervention. Empirical evidence of efficacy from two separate studies denotes improvement in key concepts related to safe behavior in adolescents. Findings to date support the widespread use, implementation, and dissemination of this efficacious intervention to supporting safe opioid prescription practices in families with adolescents. In this paper, we outline and summarize our process of intervention development and use of longitudinal data to validate each step of our process. Future directions include mobile compatibility, refinement based on key stakeholder feedback, and dissemination in various clinical settings where opioid medications are prescribed and dispensed such as emergency departments, pharmacies, hospitals, and clinics.
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概述 CRoME 实验室的 MedSMA℞T 家庭干预措施,以促进青少年和家长的阿片类药物用药安全
阿片类药物的流行给药剂师、青少年、家长和整个国家都带来了沉重的负担,因此创新的干预措施对于防止潜在的滥用和过早死亡至关重要。受知识、态度和社会影响,青少年尤其容易出现滥用行为。为了最好地引起青少年的共鸣,必须开发和部署适当的工具和技术。对于青少年来说,没有什么教育工具比电子游戏更无处不在了。视频游戏,特别是严肃游戏,有可能与青少年产生共鸣,并传授与阿片类药物安全相关的重要知识。让青少年、家长和药剂师参与严肃游戏的设计、改进和评估是一种新颖的做法,也是开发一款强大、有效的游戏所必需的。本评论介绍了新型阿片类药物安全干预措施 MedSMA℞T Families 的构思、启动、开发和评估。该干预措施由两部分组成,一部分是针对青少年的严肃游戏《MedSMA℞T:药城历险记》,另一部分是以家庭为中心的工具《个性化家庭用药安全计划》。该干预措施是首个以理论为基础、以家庭为重点的阿片类药物安全工具包,由研究人员、游戏开发人员、行为健康科学家、药剂师、学生药剂师、成瘾医学医生、青少年健康医生、家长和青少年组成的跨学科团队共同设计。主要利益相关者(药剂师、家长和青少年)对 MedSMA℞T "家庭 "干预措施的两个组成部分都给予了积极的态度和良好的印象。来自两项独立研究的实证证据表明,青少年安全行为的关键概念得到了改善。迄今为止的研究结果支持广泛使用、实施和推广这一有效的干预措施,以支持青少年家庭的阿片类药物安全处方实践。在本文中,我们概述并总结了干预措施的开发过程,以及使用纵向数据验证过程中每个步骤的有效性。未来的发展方向包括移动兼容性、根据主要利益相关者的反馈进行改进,以及在急诊科、药房、医院和诊所等开具和发放阿片类药物的各种临床环境中进行推广。
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