Autologous platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of third-degree pressure ulcers; pilot randomized-controlled trial

Abstract

Background Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a mixture of cytokines, thrombocytes as well as multiple growth factors which are produced mainly by α-granules of platelets which enhance the process of natural healing process with less time. The role of autologous PRP in managing nonhealing pressure ulcers has been questioned as it enhances tissue healing by providing the necessary growth factors. Objectives Determining the relative efficacy of autologous PRP in treating grade III skin ulcers compared with standard care. Methods In this pilot randomized-controlled trial, 28 patients with grade III pressure ulcers in the critical care units of Alexandria Main University Hospital were enrolled and randomized into two groups. Patients of group A were subjected to PRP injections in the periphery of their pressure ulcers along with the standard care, while group B were subjected only to the standard care of pressure ulcers. Results PRP group showed significantly reduced mean ulcer volume at week 1 (18.88 vs. 21.42, P=0.047), week 2 (17.14 vs. 21.15, P=0.017), week 3 (14.92 vs. 19.99, P=0.020) and week 4 (10.68 vs. 17.35, P=0.019) than control group. PRP group showed significantly reduced mean ulcer surface area at week 1 (13.76 vs. 14.81, P=0.047), week 2 (10.64 vs. 14.11, P=0.032), week 3 (8.00 vs. 14.17, P=0.013) and week 4 (6.30 vs. 12.94, P=0.023) than control group. Conclusion Adding weekly autologous PRP injections to the standard care of noninfected grade III pressure ulcers may be a potentially effective approach. In critically ill patients, it was associated with reduced ulcer volumes, reduced ulcer surface areas, and better healing starting from the first week of injections.