Entrepreneurship performance in the EU: To what extent do economic, social, and government conditions matter?

Ana Rita Canelas Luz, Paulo Bento, Marco Antonio Catussi Paschoalotto, Renato Pereira
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Abstract

Entrepreneurship is widely recognized as a key driver of economic development. At the same time, entrepreneurship is also affected by the economic conditions of the regions where it evolves. In the literature, negative impacts on entrepreneurial performance have been linked to the 2008 financial crisis in the European Union (EU). However, not enough evidence has been provided to support this assertion. To fill this gap, we tested the relationship between economic, social, and government conditions and entrepreneurial performance. We did this for opportunity entrepreneurship (OPP), necessity entrepreneurship (NEC), and total entrepreneurial activity (TEA), for the period 2003–2018, which covers before, during, and after the financial crisis. We considered 21 EU countries and applied descriptive, correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses. Our results demonstrate that (a) there is a positive and significant correlation between NEC and OPP, GDP per capita and OPP, unemployment and TEA, gender ratio and age, gender ratio and education, education and TEA, population and NEC, government indicators and GDP per capita, and government expenditure and NEC, and a negative and significant correlation between GDP per capita and TEA and (b) economic and government conditions had a negative impact on TEA, in contrast to a positive and negative impact on NEC. Social conditions are mixed for TEA and NEC and positive for OPP. The effects on economic conditions were mixed for OPP. Therefore, our study impacts practitioners by demonstrating the factors that do or do not impact entrepreneurial activity in the EU. Additionally, our study expands upon previously analyzed factors that influence entrepreneurial performance, promoting value and originality in the area.

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欧盟的创业表现:经济、社会和政府条件在多大程度上起作用?
创业被广泛认为是经济发展的主要推动力。同时,创业也受到其发展所在地区经济条件的影响。在文献中,对创业表现的负面影响与 2008 年欧盟(EU)金融危机有关。然而,还没有足够的证据支持这一论断。为了填补这一空白,我们测试了经济、社会和政府条件与创业表现之间的关系。我们对 2003-2018 年期间的机会创业 (OPP)、必要性创业 (NEC) 和总体创业活动 (TEA) 进行了检验,涵盖了金融危机之前、期间和之后。我们考虑了 21 个欧盟国家,并应用了描述性、相关性和多元线性回归分析。我们的结果表明:(a) NEC 与 OPP、人均 GDP 与 OPP、失业率与 TEA、性别比与年龄、性别比与教育、教育与 TEA、人口与 NEC、政府指标与人均 GDP、政府支出与 NEC 之间存在显著的正相关关系,而人均 GDP 与 TEA 之间存在显著的负相关关系;(b) 经济和政府条件对 TEA 有负面影响,而对 NEC 则有正负面影响。社会条件对 TEA 和 NEC 的影响好坏参半,对 OPP 的影响为正。对 OPP 而言,经济条件的影响好坏参半。因此,我们的研究通过展示影响或不影响欧盟创业活动的因素,对从业者产生了影响。此外,我们的研究还扩展了之前分析过的影响创业绩效的因素,提升了该领域的价值和原创性。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.60
自引率
9.10%
发文量
18
期刊介绍: Competition in international markets was traditionally the realm of large companies, with smaller firms tending to remain local or regional. Internationalisation was an expansion option of interest to some enterprises, but seldom was it a competitive necessity. Many opted to avoid the uncertainties of competing in foreign markets, and simply kept their firms small and local. Traditional internationalisation theories, therefore, focused mainly on large multinational corporations, and were less pertinent to smaller firms. With the liberalisation of trade, however, domestic firms are threatened by international competitors that are penetrating formerly protected markets. Nowadays, internationalisation affects everyone, whether or not they wish to internationalise themselves. The threats and opportunities of internationalisation must be addressed. Globalisation is transforming the competitive environment of small and large players alike. As a result, internationalisation issues will continue to be increasingly important to business. Public policy agendas already include programmes to help entrepreneurs become successful at internationalisation. There is a growing need to understand internationalisation in the context of entrepreneurship, as well as large multinationals. Knowledge of how, when and why firms internationalise - either incrementally or not - will surely be the focus of energetic researchers. Yet, up to now, academia has been lacking a journal dedicated to internationalisation issues. To fill this niche, the aforementioned editorial team wishes to offer an outlet for high-quality research addressing the opportunities and challenges intrinsic to internationalisation. The primary audience for this journal will be researchers of entrepreneurship and international business. In addition, readership is certain to include business-people and policy-makers. The editors invite submissions that analyse internationalisation, combining theore tical and empirical work. Researchers will be encouraged to conduct comparative studies, and to evaluate competing theories. The composition of the editorial team - including experts in international business and experts in entrepreneurship - is designed to avoid editorial bias. Every effort will be made to reach a first decision about a submission, within sixty days. Officially cited as: J Int Entrep
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