Precision Targeting and Genetically Modified T Cells for Targeting Cancer Cells

Abstract

In this review cancer treatment, despite notable progress, challenges persist globally. Traditional methods like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, while effective, often compromise patients' overall quality of life due to side effects. Immunotherapeutic strategies, especially Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells, show promise by leveraging the immune system to target tumors independently of certain immune escape mechanisms. However, CAR-T cells' specificity to surface antigens limits their applicability. Precise cancer management demands ongoing research to refine and broaden these therapies. Employing CAR or T-cell receptor therapies, genetic engineering enhances T-cell antigenic specificity, optimizing cancer immunotherapy precision. CARs, synthetic receptors engineered for tumor antigen recognition, represent a groundbreaking approach, intertwining immunotherapy, gene therapy, and cancer therapy. The human immune system's ability to discern self from non-self-entities forms the basis of immunotherapy, fostering innovative modalities that selectively target cancer cells. CAR-T therapy, with FDA approval for leukemia and lymphoma, holds transformative potential but faces safety and efficacy challenges. Advances, including mitigating cytotoxicity and enhancing therapeutic efficacy, show promise. Utilizing genetic alteration, CARs have shown efficacy in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, particularly CD19 CARs in B cell blood cancers. Current study is investigating the potential uses of CAR-T cell treatment in patients with lymphoma and myeloma.