Control of seismic induced response of wind turbines using KDamper

Haoran Zuo , Xunyi Pan , Kaiming Bi , Hong Hao
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Abstract

Earthquake-induced vibrations of wind turbines may compromise structural serviceability and safety. Most previous studies adopted passive control devices to mitigate the seismic responses of wind turbines. However, their control effectiveness is heavily dependent on the mass ratio between control devices and wind turbines, and they were typically housed at the tower top or within the nacelle. The restricted space within the hollow tower and the nacelle imposes considerable challenges for the implementation of such devices, rendering the application of large-scale control devices unfeasible for structural vibration control of wind turbines. To this end, this paper integrates a negative stiffness element within a conventional tuned mass damper (TMD), termed KDamper, to mitigate vibrations of wind turbine towers under seismic loads. Specifically, the widely used NREL 5 MW wind turbine is selected as a prototype structure and its tower is modelled as a multiple-degree-of-freedom system. Then KDamper is incorporated into the developed model and its parameters are optimized based on the H2 criterion. Subsequently, the control effectiveness of KDamper is investigated and compared with TMD in the frequency domain, and the control performances in terms of the effectiveness and robustness of KDamper are further examined under a series of earthquake records. Results show that KDamper has superior control effectiveness and robustness than TMD, indicating it has considerable potential for application in improving wind turbine performances against earthquake hazards.

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利用 KDamper 控制风力涡轮机的地震诱导响应
地震引起的风力涡轮机振动可能会影响结构的适用性和安全性。以往的研究大多采用被动控制装置来减轻风力涡轮机的地震响应。然而,其控制效果在很大程度上取决于控制装置和风力发电机之间的质量比,而且这些装置通常安装在塔顶或机舱内。中空塔筒和机舱内的空间有限,这给此类装置的实施带来了巨大挑战,使得大规模控制装置在风力涡轮机结构振动控制中的应用变得不可行。为此,本文在传统的调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)(称为 KDamper)中集成了负刚度元件,以减轻风力涡轮机塔架在地震荷载下的振动。具体来说,本文选择了广泛使用的 NREL 5 兆瓦风力涡轮机作为原型结构,并将其塔架模拟为多自由度系统。然后将 KDamper 纳入所开发的模型,并根据 H2 准则对其参数进行优化。随后,研究了 KDamper 的控制效果,并在频域上与 TMD 进行了比较,在一系列地震记录下进一步检验了 KDamper 在有效性和鲁棒性方面的控制性能。结果表明,KDamper 的控制效果和鲁棒性均优于 TMD,这表明它在改善风力发电机抗震性能方面具有相当大的应用潜力。
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