Recapitulation and investigation of human brain development with neural organoids

IF 2 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES IBRO Neuroscience Reports Pub Date : 2023-12-27 DOI:10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.12.006

Atsushi Tamada, Keiko Muguruma

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Abstract

Organoids are 3D cultured tissues derived from stem cells that resemble the structure of living organs. Based on the accumulated knowledge of neural development, neural organoids that recapitulate neural tissue have been created by inducing self-organized neural differentiation of stem cells. Neural organoid techniques have been applied to human pluripotent stem cells to differentiate 3D human neural tissues in culture. Various methods have been developed to generate neural tissues of different regions. Currently, neural organoid technology has several significant limitations, which are being overcome in an attempt to create neural organoids that more faithfully recapitulate the living brain. The rapidly advancing neural organoid technology enables the use of living human neural tissue as research material and contributes to our understanding of the development, structure and function of the human nervous system, and is expected to be used to overcome neurological diseases and for regenerative medicine.

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用神经器官模型重现和研究人脑发育过程

器官组织是由干细胞衍生的三维培养组织，其结构与活体器官相似。根据已积累的神经发育知识，通过诱导干细胞的自组织神经分化，已创造出再现神经组织的神经类器官。神经器官模型技术已应用于人类多能干细胞，在培养过程中分化出三维人类神经组织。目前已开发出多种方法生成不同区域的神经组织。目前，神经类器官技术有几个显著的局限性，人们正在克服这些局限性，试图创造出更忠实再现活体大脑的神经类器官。神经器官模型技术的快速发展使我们能够使用活体神经组织作为研究材料，有助于我们了解人类神经系统的发育、结构和功能，并有望用于克服神经系统疾病和再生医学。

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