Fe/BC co-conditioners with environmental and economic benefits on composting: reduced NH3 emissions and improved fertilizer quality

IF 13.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Biochar Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI:10.1007/s42773-023-00295-x

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Abstract

The significant volatilization of NH₃ during aerobic composting causes nitrogen (N) losses and environmental risks. Both iron (Fe) and biochar (BC) can influence the N conversion process in composting. Fe application can delay the maturation of materials, while biochar can enhance the quality of organic fertilizer. The combination of these two conditioners may help decrease NH₃ emissions and improve organic fertilizer quality. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of different doses of FeCl₃ and BC on NH₃ emissions and organic fertilizer quality during composting. The results demonstrated that Fe/BC co-conditioners reduced the accumulation of NH₃ emissions during composting by 11.1–48.2%, increased the total nutrient content by 0.6–15.3%, and enhanced economic and environmental benefits by 0.1–23.6 $ t⁻¹. At the high-temperature stage of composting, Fe/BC co-conditioners decreased the pH by 0.3–1.2, but there was no significant difference compared to the control at the end of composting, and they did not affect compost maturation. The structural equation model analysis suggested that the reduction in NH₃ emissions was related to ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), NH₄⁺–N, and total nitrogen (TN). As a result, the Fe/BC co-conditioners reduced NH₃ emissions by lowering the pH at the beginning of composting and increasing the content of NH₄⁺–N. This study concludes that Fe/BC co-conditioners could complement each other to significantly reduce NH₃ emissions and improve the quality of organic fertilizers.

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对堆肥具有环境和经济效益的 Fe/BC 联合调节器：减少 NH3 排放，提高肥料质量

摘要好氧堆肥过程中 NH3 的大量挥发会造成氮（N）的损失和环境风险。铁（Fe）和生物炭（BC）都能影响堆肥中的氮转化过程。施用铁可以延迟材料的成熟，而生物炭则可以提高有机肥料的质量。这两种调节剂的结合可能有助于减少 NH3 排放和提高有机肥质量。因此，本研究调查了不同剂量的氯化铁和生物碳对堆肥过程中 NH3 排放和有机肥质量的影响。结果表明，Fe/BC 共调节剂可减少堆肥过程中 11.1-48.2% 的 NH3 排放积累，增加 0.6-15.3% 的总养分含量，提高 0.1-23.6 美元 t-1 的经济和环境效益。在堆肥的高温阶段，Fe/BC 共调节剂使 pH 值降低了 0.3-1.2，但在堆肥结束时与对照组相比没有显著差异，也不影响堆肥的成熟。结构方程模型分析表明，NH3 排放量的减少与氨氧化细菌（AOB）、NH4+-N 和总氮（TN）有关。因此，Fe/BC 联合调节器通过降低堆肥初期的 pH 值和增加 NH4+-N 的含量来减少 NH3 的排放。本研究的结论是，Fe/BC 联合调节器可互为补充，显著减少 NH3 排放并提高有机肥料的质量。图表摘要

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来源期刊

Biochar Multiple-

CiteScore

18.60

自引率

10.20%

发文量

期刊介绍： Biochar stands as a distinguished academic journal delving into multidisciplinary subjects such as agronomy, environmental science, and materials science. Its pages showcase innovative articles spanning the preparation and processing of biochar, exploring its diverse applications, including but not limited to bioenergy production, biochar-based materials for environmental use, soil enhancement, climate change mitigation, contaminated-environment remediation, water purification, new analytical techniques, life cycle assessment, and crucially, rural and regional development. Biochar publishes various article types, including reviews, original research, rapid reports, commentaries, and perspectives, with the overarching goal of reporting significant research achievements, critical reviews fostering a deeper mechanistic understanding of the science, and facilitating academic exchange to drive scientific and technological development.