Sedimentological, palynostratigraphic investigation and paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the Chad Formation, Bornu (Chad) Basin Nigeria

IF 1.7 3区 地球科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Journal of Paleolimnology Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI:10.1007/s10933-023-00308-6
Godwin Okumagbe Aigbadon, Ezekiel Obinna Igwe, Obinna Chigoziem Akakuru, Azuka Ocheli, Brume Overare, Ikenna Arisi Obasi, Ernest Orji Akudo, Nosa Samuel Igbinigie, Mu’awiya Baba Aminu
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Abstract

Sedimentological and palynostratigraphy studies were used to evaluate sediment-stacking patterns in a depth range between 400 and 50 m in the Kemar-1 well section, Bornu (Chad) Basin, Nigeria. The greyish-sandy claystone, rich micaceous, lithified, and unlithified greyish claystone, dark well sorted micaceous sandstone, and poorly sorted and heterolithic clayey sandstones are the major facies components recognised in the well sections. The lithofacies characteristics were used to delineate and assign depositional environments ranging from lacustrine to fluvial settings. Paleoecological results revealed that the dominant palynofloral associations are angiosperm pollen and pteridophytic spores and they were tentatively grouped under three ecological groups which include freshwater, mangrove/brackish and savannah depositional environments in wet to dry climatic conditions during sediment formation. The presence of Echitricolporites spinosus was used to define the Echitricolporites spinosus palynological zone. The basal section at 390–385 m interval in the well shows the dominance of Psilatricolporites crassus, Verrucastosporites usmensis, and Monoporites annulatus, which marked the Eocene boundary from the overlying Miocene marker bed species of Echitricolporites spinosus, Grimsdalea magnaclavata, Anthocerus sp., Nymphaea lotus, and Retistephanocolpites gracilis. The palynomorph data and lithological characteristics from the studied well section have been used to establish that the Chad Formation is of late Eocene to early Miocene age, and that it unconformably overlies the Kerri–Kerri Formation that was deposited in varying lacustrine, fluvial and prograding shoreface and deltaic settings. This study has resolved the controversy surrounding the age of the Chad Formation, the challenge in depositional environment reconstruction. Finally, the stratigraphic framework of the Chad Formation in the study area is presented.

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尼日利亚博尔努(乍得)盆地乍得地层的沉积学、古地层学调查与古环境重建
沉积学和古生代地层学研究用于评估尼日利亚博尔努(乍得)盆地 Kemar-1 井段 400 米至 50 米深度范围内的沉积堆积模式。井段中可识别的主要岩相成分包括:灰砂质粘土岩、富含微粒、碎屑和未碎屑的灰质粘土岩、深色分选良好的微粒砂岩以及分选不良的异质粘土砂岩。岩相特征被用来划分和归属从湖相到河相的沉积环境。古生态学结果表明,主要的古植物组合是被子植物花粉和翼手目孢子,它们被初步归为三个生态组,包括淡水、红树林/咸水和热带稀树草原沉积环境,沉积物形成期间的气候条件从潮湿到干燥。根据棘球苣苔的存在情况来界定棘球苣苔古生物区。该井 390-385 米处的基底剖面显示出 Psilatricolporites crassus、Verrucastosporites usmensis 和 Monoporites annulatus 的优势,这标志着 Eocene 与上覆中新世标记床物种 Echitricolporites spinosus、Grimsdalea magnaclavata、Anthocerus sp.、Nymphaea lotus 和 Retistephanocolpites gracilis 的分界。根据所研究井段的古动物数据和岩性特征,可以确定乍得地层的年代为晚始新世至早中新世,与沉积于不同湖泊、河道和滩面及三角洲环境中的凯里-凯里地层互不统属。这项研究解决了围绕乍得地层年龄的争议,也解决了沉积环境重建的难题。最后,介绍了研究地区乍得地层的地层框架。
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来源期刊
Journal of Paleolimnology
Journal of Paleolimnology 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
9.50%
发文量
44
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The realization that a historical perspective is often useful, if not essential, to the understanding of most limnological processes has resulted in the recent surge of interest in paleolimnology. The main aim of the Journal of Paleolimnology is the provision of a vehicle for the rapid dissemination of original scientific work dealing with the reconstruction of lake histories. Although the majority of papers deal with lakes, paleoenvironmental studies of river, wetland, peatland and estuary systems are also eligible for publication. The Journal of Paleolimnology, like the subject itself, is multidisciplinary in nature, and papers are published that are concerned with all aspects (e.g. biological, chemical, physical, geological, etc.) of the reconstruction and interpretation of lake histories. Both applied and more theoretical papers are equally encouraged. The Journal of Paleolimnology will continue to be a major repository for papers dealing with climatic change, as well as other pressing topics, such as global environmental change, lake acidification, eutrophication, long-term monitoring, and other aspects of lake ontogeny. Taxonomic and methodological papers are also acceptable provided they are of relatively broad interest. New equipment designs are frequently featured. In addition to original data and ideas, the Journal of Paleolimnology also publishes review articles, commentaries and program announcements. A relevant Book Review Section is also featured.
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