Biochar: a high performance and renewable basic carbocatalyst for facilitating room temperature synthesis of 4H-benzo[h]chromene and pyranopyrazoles in water
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Abstract
This study has introduced a pioneering methodology by employing biochars as a basic carbocatalyst in the context of multicomponent reactions. Biochars were produced from different manures and organic wastes using the pyrolysis-carbonization process under limited oxygen conditions. The prepared biochars were well characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The chemical characteristics and potentiometric titration analysis provide compelling evidence of the intriguing basicity properties exhibited by the prepared biochars. The pH values, ash content, and potentiometric titration results confirmed the exceptional basicity characteristics of cow manure biochar formed at 600 oC (CB600), establishing it as the most basic carbocatalyst in this study. Encouraged by these initial results, the activity of the biochars as basic carbocatalysts was evaluated in multicomponent synthesis of 4H-benzo[h]chromene and pyranopyrazoles and 600 °C exhibited the most pronounced catalytic performance owing to its superior total basicity. By these findings, it can be asserted that this work introduces the groundbreaking application of biochars as potent basic carbocatalysts for the multicomponent synthesis of structurally diverse heterocycles. Unveiling the vital basic role of biochars will definitely open up new opportunities in organic chemistry and provide salient features for environmentally-friendly chemistry, including easy retrieval, non-toxicity, and widespread accessibility.
期刊介绍：
Biochar stands as a distinguished academic journal delving into multidisciplinary subjects such as agronomy, environmental science, and materials science. Its pages showcase innovative articles spanning the preparation and processing of biochar, exploring its diverse applications, including but not limited to bioenergy production, biochar-based materials for environmental use, soil enhancement, climate change mitigation, contaminated-environment remediation, water purification, new analytical techniques, life cycle assessment, and crucially, rural and regional development. Biochar publishes various article types, including reviews, original research, rapid reports, commentaries, and perspectives, with the overarching goal of reporting significant research achievements, critical reviews fostering a deeper mechanistic understanding of the science, and facilitating academic exchange to drive scientific and technological development.
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