Pesticides used in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cultivation in Cuba: toxicological and ecotoxicological pressure

Edelbis López Dávila
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Abstract

Introduction. Pesticides are used to control pests and diseases in agricultural activities. Improper handling of these products constitutes a potential risk to human health and the environment. Objective. To evaluate the toxicological (eco) pressure exerted by synthetic pesticides on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) crops in the province of Sancti Spíritus, Cuba. Materials and methods. A database of the Provincial Directorate of Plant Health for the period 2016-2019 was used, where the pesticides assigned to the province for this crop were taken and compared with those declared by the farmers interviewed. The dual indicator POCER was used to obtain the results, which determined the pressure exerted by the different pesticides and their harmful reference on humans and the environment. Results. The trend in pesticide consumption (summarized in tables and graphs) showed a decrease of 50 %, which corresponds to the country's crop protection policy. Farmers mentioned the use of authorised and unauthorized active ingredients in the surveys carried out. Sixteen high-risk active ingredients were detected in the samples analyzed. Evaluation of the POCER results and analyzed samples shows that there is a high (eco)toxicological pressure on both the environment and human health exerted by a group of highly toxic active ingredients used in tobacco cultivation in the province. Conclusion. With the use of the dual indicator POCER, an evaluation of the toxicological (eco) pressure exerted by the synthetic pesticides used in the cultivation of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) in the province of Sancti Spiritus, Cuba for the study period is obtained.
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古巴烟草种植中使用的农药:毒理学和生态毒理学压力
导言。农药用于控制农业活动中的病虫害。处理不当会对人类健康和环境造成潜在风险。目的评估合成杀虫剂对古巴圣斯皮里图斯省烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)作物造成的毒理学(生态)压力。材料和方法。使用省植物卫生局 2016-2019 年期间的数据库,提取该省分配给该作物的农药,并与受访农民申报的农药进行比较。使用双指标 POCER 得出结果,确定不同农药对人类和环境造成的压力及其有害参考值。结果。农药消耗量的趋势(总结在表格和图表中)显示减少了 50%,这与国家的作物保护政策相吻合。在调查中,农民提到了授权和未授权活性成分的使用情况。在分析的样品中检测出 16 种高风险活性成分。对 POCER 结果和分析样本的评估表明,该省烟草种植中使用的一组高毒性活性成分对环境和人类健康都造成了很高的(生态)毒性压力。结论通过使用双指标 POCER,对研究期间古巴圣斯皮里图斯省烟草(烟草)种植中使用的合成杀虫剂造成的毒(生态)压力进行了评估。
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