Correlation of Serum levels of Chromium, Copper, and Manganese with the Glucose levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Iraq

Abstract

Correlation of Serum levels of Chromium, Copper, and Manganese with the Glucose levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Ira Background: The metabolism of many trace elements such as chromium, copper, and manganese were reported to be altered in type 2 diabetes militates. This element may have specific roles in the pathogenesis and progress of this disease. Objectives: To evaluate the serum levels of copper, chromium, and manganese in type 2 diabetic patients in Iraq.  Patients and Methods: This case-control study included 100 type 2 diabetic patients, 35-60 years old, with high BMI as cases, and 100 non-diabetic subjects as controls who were healthy volunteers not suffering from type 2 diabetes (staff and student). The data was collected from October 2022 until January 2023. The cases were seen in the Diabetes Consultation Unit / Baghdad Teaching Hospital / Medical City. Serum chromium, copper, and manganese were measured using atomic absorption. ELISA was used to test for insulin. spectrophotometry to measure glucose and HPLC was used to measure whole-blood HbA1c. Insulin resistance was calculated using the semi-empirical formula: HOMA-IR = glucose * insulin / 405 (glucose in mg/dl). To test for the difference between means of numerical data across several parameters, ANOVA tests were utilized. Pearson’s. correlation was used to test the correlation between variables. Results: Diabetics had higher HbA1c, serum copper (P value<0.01), and blood glucose than healthy controls. Compared to controls, diabetics had lower serum chromium (P value<0.01) and manganese (P value < 0.01). In diabetics, chromium and manganese are highly negatively correlated with insulin resistance. Copper levels increase with increasing insulin resistance. Insulin levels were greater in type 2 diabetics (18.6 ± 4.1mlU/L) than in the control (6.2 ± 1.3) (p <0.01). Conclusions: Serum copper was high while serum chromium and manganese were low in type 2 diabetics. that indicates that these elements may have a role in the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes. Received: May, 2023 Accepted: Oct., 2023 Published: Jan., 2024