Comparison of diagnostic methods, virulence and aggressiveness analysis of Pyrenophora spp. in pre-basic seeds in the barley fields

IF 2.5 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Tropical Plant Pathology Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI:10.1007/s40858-023-00631-3
Nima Khaledi, Leila Zare, Farshid Hassani, Saeed Osroosh
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Abstract

Plant diseases caused by seed-borne pathogens cause yield and quality losses and threaten seed production of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and food security. The aim of this study was to compare common seed health methods for the diagnosis and detection of Pyrenophora species, and to investigate cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs), virulence and aggressiveness of the isolates obtained from pre-basic barley seed fields in Iran. Comparing common seed health methods showed that more fungal isolates were recovered from seeds using the agar plate method compared to freezing blotter, osmotic, embryo count, and seed washing tests. A total of 7 fungal species from 5 genera were identified from 30 different samples of various Iranian barley cultivars. Based on morphological and molecular characteristics, the fungi were identified as Pyrenophora graminea, P. teres f. teres, P. teres f. maculata, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium culmorum, F. graminearum, Rhynchosporium commune and Ustilago nuda f. sp. hordei. This study has shown that barley seed samples carry a wide diversity of fungi. The results showed that the 57 % of the total samples were found to be infected by seed-borne fungi. Among the genera, Pyrenophora was the most abundant fungus. Diverse levels of virulence and aggressiveness were observed for various isolates of Pyrenophora species. Analyzing the activity of CWDEs produced by isolates revealed that xylanase activity was more important than cellulase activity for the virulence of Pyrenophora isolates and enzyme activities affect levels of virulence and aggressiveness of isolates. Therefore, these findings suggest that activity levels of xylanase are correlated with variation in virulence and aggressiveness of Pyrenophora isolates on seedings. This is the first report identifying the seed-borne fungi of Iranian barley cultivars in pre-basic barley seed fields of Iran.

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大麦田前期种子中 Pyrenophora 菌属的诊断方法、毒力和侵袭性分析比较
由种子传播的病原体引起的植物病害会造成产量和质量损失,威胁大麦(Hordeum vulgare L.)的种子生产和粮食安全。本研究的目的是比较诊断和检测疫霉菌种的常用种子卫生方法,并调查从伊朗大麦前种子田获得的分离物的细胞壁降解酶(CWDEs)、毒力和侵袭性。对常用的种子健康方法进行比较后发现,与冷冻印迹法、渗透法、胚胎计数法和种子清洗试验相比,使用琼脂平板法从种子中回收的真菌分离物更多。从 30 个不同的伊朗大麦栽培品种样本中,共鉴定出 5 个属的 7 种真菌。根据形态和分子特征,这些真菌被鉴定为禾谷火霉菌属(Pyrenophora graminea)、禾谷赤霉菌属(P. teres f. teres)、禾谷赤霉菌属(P. teres f. maculata)、交替交替孢霉属(Alternaria alternata)、高秆镰刀菌属(Fusarium culmorum)、禾谷镰刀菌属(F. graminearum)、Rhynchosporium commune 和 Ustilago nuda f. sp. hordei。这项研究表明,大麦种子样本中的真菌种类繁多。结果表明,57% 的样本都受到了种子真菌的感染。在这些真菌属中,疫霉属(Pyrenophora)的数量最多。在不同的菌种分离物中观察到了不同程度的毒力和侵染性。分析分离菌株产生的 CWDEs 活性发现,木聚糖酶活性比纤维素酶活性对拟南芥分离菌株的毒力更重要,酶活性会影响分离菌株的毒力和侵袭性水平。因此,这些研究结果表明,木聚糖酶的活性水平与种子上 Pyrenophora 分离物的毒力和侵袭性的变化有关。这是第一份鉴定伊朗大麦种子田中大麦栽培品种种子传播真菌的报告。
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来源期刊
Tropical Plant Pathology
Tropical Plant Pathology PLANT SCIENCES-
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
4.00%
发文量
61
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Tropical Plant Pathology is an international journal devoted to publishing a wide range of research on fundamental and applied aspects of plant diseases of concern to agricultural, forest and ornamental crops from tropical and subtropical environments.  Submissions must report original research that provides new insights into the etiology and epidemiology of plant disease as well as population biology of plant pathogens, host-pathogen interactions, physiological and molecular plant pathology, and strategies to promote crop protection. The journal considers for publication: original articles, short communications, reviews and letters to the editor. For more details please check the submission guidelines. Founded in 1976, the journal is the official publication of the Brazilian Phytopathology Society.
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