Ascomycetes yeasts: The hidden part of human microbiome.

IF 4.6 3区 医学 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL WIREs Mechanisms of Disease Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-16 DOI:10.1002/wsbm.1641
Stefano Nenciarini, Sonia Renzi, Monica di Paola, Niccolò Meriggi, Duccio Cavalieri
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Abstract

The fungal component of the microbiota, the mycobiota, has been neglected for a long time due to its poor richness compared to bacteria. Limitations in fungal detection and taxonomic identification arise from using metagenomic approaches, often borrowed from bacteriome analyses. However, the relatively recent discoveries of the ability of fungi to modulate the host immune response and their involvement in human diseases have made mycobiota a fundamental component of the microbial communities inhabiting the human host, deserving some consideration in host-microbe interaction studies and in metagenomics. Here, we reviewed recent data on the identification of yeasts of the Ascomycota phylum across human body districts, focusing on the most representative genera, that is, Saccharomyces and Candida. Then, we explored the key factors involved in shaping the human mycobiota across the lifespan, ranging from host genetics to environment, diet, and lifestyle habits. Finally, we discussed the strengths and weaknesses of culture-dependent and independent methods for mycobiota characterization. Overall, there is still room for some improvements, especially regarding fungal-specific methodological approaches and bioinformatics challenges, which are still critical steps in mycobiota analysis, and to advance our knowledge on the role of the gut mycobiota in human health and disease. This article is categorized under: Immune System Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Immune System Diseases > Environmental Factors Infectious Diseases > Environmental Factors.

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子囊菌酵母:人类微生物组的隐藏部分
微生物区系中的真菌区系(mycobiota)长期以来一直被忽视,因为与细菌相比,真菌区系的丰富程度较低。真菌检测和分类鉴定的局限性来自于元基因组学方法,这种方法通常是从细菌组分析中借鉴过来的。然而,最近发现真菌具有调节宿主免疫反应的能力并参与人类疾病,这使得真菌生物群成为栖息在人类宿主中的微生物群落的基本组成部分,值得在宿主-微生物相互作用研究和元基因组学中加以考虑。在此,我们回顾了最近鉴定人体各部位子囊菌门酵母菌的数据,重点是最具代表性的属,即酵母菌属和念珠菌属。然后,我们探讨了从宿主遗传到环境、饮食和生活习惯等影响人一生中霉菌生物群的关键因素。最后,我们讨论了霉菌生物群特征描述中依赖培养和独立培养方法的优缺点。总之,我们仍有改进的余地,尤其是在真菌特异性方法学和生物信息学方面的挑战,这些仍是霉菌生物群分析的关键步骤,也是推进我们对肠道霉菌生物群在人类健康和疾病中的作用的认识的关键步骤。本文归类于免疫系统疾病 > 遗传学/基因组学/表观遗传学 免疫系统疾病 > 环境因素 传染性疾病 > 环境因素。
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来源期刊
WIREs Mechanisms of Disease
WIREs Mechanisms of Disease MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL-
CiteScore
11.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
45
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