Human capital and innovation in Uruguayan manufacturing firms

Marcos Segantini
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Abstract

Purpose

Firms are the primary producers of innovations, and understanding how these agents acquire, update and manage the knowledge of their employees is central to understanding economic growth. However, in developing economies, technology adaptation plays a critical role in innovation compared to knowledge creation. Thus, this research investigates the role of human capital in innovation at the firm level in the case of a small developing economy, which ranks highly on several human capital dimensions but shows declining levels of investment in advanced human capital development in its manufacturing sector.

Design/methodology/approach

This research examines the relationship between innovation and human capital at the firm level in a small peripheral economy. The human capital theory is applied to a firm context to understand variations in innovative behavior depending on the size of manufacturing companies. The effect of several human capital dimensions on product innovation is estimated by applying binomial logistic regression models with firm and time-fixed effects.

Findings

This article contributes to innovation economics and public policy by highlighting that not all dimensions of human capital operate similarly for all companies in the context of developing economies. In such settings, technology adaptation plays a critical role in innovation. While employees' human capital endowments significantly impact small firms in that context, firm-level practices such as internal training are crucial for large companies. Consequently, policymakers should consider that firms' human capital endowments impact their innovative behavior differently to avoid one-size-fits-all policy design approaches in this regard.

Originality/value

Prior research on the relationship between human capital and innovation in developing economies was based on a cross-sectional approach. This research's unique panel dataset covering 11-year triennial innovation surveys enabled a modeling strategy that controls for time-invariant unobservable firm characteristics. Three aspects of firms' human capital have been analyzed human capital endowments, internal training and human resource management (HRM) practices for the first time longitudinally in a developing economy, enabling to contrast of empirical findings with policy design.

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乌拉圭制造业企业的人力资本与创新
目的企业是创新的主要生产者,了解这些主体如何获取、更新和管理其员工的知识对于了解经济增长至关重要。然而,在发展中经济体,与知识创造相比,技术改造在创新中起着至关重要的作用。因此,本研究以一个小型发展中经济体为例,调查人力资本在企业创新中的作用。该经济体在多个人力资本维度上排名靠前,但其制造业部门在高级人力资本开发方面的投资水平却在下降。将人力资本理论应用于企业背景,以了解创新行为因制造企业规模而异的情况。本文强调,在发展中经济体的背景下,并非所有人力资本维度对所有企业的作用都是相似的,从而为创新经济学和公共政策做出了贡献。在这种情况下,技术改造对创新起着至关重要的作用。在这种情况下,员工的人力资本禀赋对小公司有重大影响,而内部培训等公司层面的做法对大公司则至关重要。因此,政策制定者应考虑到企业的人力资本禀赋对其创新行为的不同影响,以避免在这方面采取一刀切的政策设计方法。 原创性/价值有关发展中经济体人力资本与创新之间关系的先前研究基于横截面方法。本研究采用独特的面板数据集,涵盖 11 年三年一次的创新调查,从而能够采用建模策略,控制不随时间变化的不可观察企业特征。研究首次在发展中经济体纵向分析了企业人力资本的三个方面:人力资本禀赋、内部培训和人力资源管理(HRM)实践,从而将经验发现与政策设计进行对比。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
15.80%
发文量
22
期刊介绍: Institutions – especially public policies – are a significant determinant of economic outcomes; entrepreneurship and enterprise development are often the channel by which public policies affect economic outcomes, and by which outcomes feed back to the policy process. The Journal of Entrepreneurship & Public Policy (JEPP) was created to encourage and disseminate quality research about these vital relationships. The ultimate aim is to improve the quality of the political discourse about entrepreneurship and development policies. JEPP publishes two issues per year and welcomes: Empirically oriented academic papers and accepts a wide variety of empirical evidence. Generally, the journal considers any analysis based on real-world circumstances and conditions that can change behaviour, legislation, or outcomes, Conceptual or theoretical papers that indicate a direction for future research, or otherwise advance the field of study, A limited number of carefully and accurately executed replication studies, Book reviews. In general, JEPP seeks high-quality articles that say something interesting about the relationships among public policy and entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship and economic development, or all three areas. Scope/Coverage: Entrepreneurship, Public policy, Public policies and behaviour of economic agents, Interjurisdictional differentials and their effects, Law and entrepreneurship, New firms; startups, Microeconomic analyses of economic development, Development planning and policy, Innovation and invention: processes and incentives, Regional economic activity: growth, development, and changes, Regional development policy.
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