Reproductive aspects of female Andean bears (Tremarctos ornatus) in the Chingaza massif, eastern range of the Colombian Andes

IF 0.8 4区 生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY Mammalia Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI:10.1515/mammalia-2022-0112
Adriana Reyes, Daniel Rodríguez, Daniela Rodríguez, Yeimy Castillo-Navarro, Hector Restrepo, Leidy Pardo, Oswaldo Salgado, Robinson Duque-Osorio, Nicolás Reyes-Amaya
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Abstract

Knowledge of reproduction in wild Andean bears (Tremarctos ornatus) is scarce. Here we provide novel information about litter size, birth timings, courtship and multi-generational groups in a population in the Chingaza massif in Colombia. Pregnant females, mothers with cubs, estimated birth times, and litter size were registered through camera trapping of a population at the Chingaza massif (Colombia) between 2011 and 2016. A total of 34 independent records of reproductive female bears were obtained. Twenty-eight (28) different reproductive females were recognized by external key features. Six different females were recorded only pregnant, two others were recorded pregnant and later with cubs, and 20 others were recorded only with cubs. In total, 29 cubs were recorded in 22 litters, with a mean litter size of 1.27 (SD = 0.45): 16 litters with one cub, 5 with 2 cubs, and 1 with 2 cubs + a big cub from a previous litter (>1 year). The highest records of mothers with little cubs were obtained for the low rain season in December, January, and February, full of dry-season-fruiting Ericaceae shrubs. Likewise, the highest estimated births were obtained during the rainy time in June. Multi-generational groups and the courtship behaviors are reported for the first time in Colombia.
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哥伦比亚安第斯山脉东部 Chingaza 山丘上雌性安第斯熊(Tremarctos ornatus)的生殖情况
有关野生安第斯熊(Tremarctos ornatus)繁殖的知识十分匮乏。在这里,我们提供了有关哥伦比亚钦加扎山丘种群中的产仔数、出生时间、求偶和多代群体的新信息。2011年至2016年期间,我们通过相机诱捕登记了哥伦比亚钦加哥山丘种群中的怀孕雌鸟、产仔母鸟、估计出生时间和产仔数。共获得了 34 条雌性繁殖熊的独立记录。通过外部关键特征识别出 28 只不同的繁殖期雌熊。其中六只雌熊仅记录到怀孕,另外两只雌熊记录到怀孕并随后产下幼崽,还有 20 只雌熊仅记录到产下幼崽。共记录了 22 窝中的 29 只幼崽,平均窝产仔数为 1.27(SD = 0.45):16窝中有1只幼崽,5窝中有2只幼崽,1窝中有2只幼崽+1只前一窝(1岁)的大幼崽。12 月、1 月和 2 月雨水较少的季节,满是旱季结果的鸢尾科灌木,母亲产小幼崽的记录最高。同样,在多雨的 6 月份,估计的出生率也最高。哥伦比亚首次报道了多代群落和求偶行为。
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来源期刊
Mammalia
Mammalia 生物-动物学
CiteScore
2.20
自引率
10.00%
发文量
68
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Mammalia is an international, multidisciplinary, bimonthly journal devoted to the inventory, analysis and interpretation of mammalian diversity. It publishes original results on all aspects of the systematics and biology of mammals with a strong focus on ecology, including biodiversity analyses, distribution habitats, diet, predator-prey relationships, competition, community analyses and conservation of mammals. The journal also accepts submissions on sub-fossil or recently extinct mammals.
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