Prevalence of intellectual disability among adults born in the 1980s and 1990s in the United States

IF 2.1 2区医学 Q1 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI:10.1111/jir.13119

T. W. Benevides, B. Datta, J. Jaremski, M. McKee

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Abstract

Background

Prevalence of intellectual disability (ID) is currently estimated through parent report on surveys of children. It is difficult to estimate the number of adults living with ID in the United States because no comprehensive survey or surveillance allows for identification. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and number of adults with ID born between 1980 and 1999 using multiple years of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and Census data.

Methods

We concatenated the NHIS from 1997–2016 that evaluated parental response about whether a child aged 3–17 years had an ID. Using weighted survey analyses, we estimated the prevalence of ID among individuals across four birth cohorts—(1) 1980–1984, (2) 1985–1989, (3) 1990–1994, and (4) 1995–1999. The number of adults with ID was then extrapolated by applying these prevalence rates to Census population estimates (as of 1 July 2021) of respective birth cohorts.

Results

Weighted prevalence of ID varied by birth cohort, sex, race and ethnicity, and US Census Bureau regions. The overall prevalence rate was 1.066 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.831–1.302] for adults born between 1980 and 1984, 0.772 (CI: 0.654–0.891) for adults born between 1985 and 1989, 0.774 (0.675–0.874) for adults born between 1990 and 1994, and 1.069 (CI: 0.898–1.240) for adults born between 1995 and 1999. Overall, we estimate that 818 564 adults with ID who were approximately 21–41 years were living in the United States as of 2021.

Conclusions

This study provides researchers examining adult health outcomes with an estimated denominator of young and middle-aged adults living with ID in the United States. Policymakers can use this information to support justification for resource and service needs, and clinicians may benefit from understanding that ID is a lifelong developmental condition often with additional physical, emotional and developmental needs requiring tailored care.

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美国 20 世纪 80 年代和 90 年代出生的成年人中智障患病率。

背景：智障（ID）的患病率目前是通过对儿童进行调查时家长的报告来估算的。由于没有全面的调查或监测可以进行识别，因此很难估计美国智障成人的人数。本研究的目的是利用多年的全国健康访谈调查（NHIS）和人口普查数据，估算出 1980 年至 1999 年间出生的成年智障人士的患病率和人数：我们汇总了 1997-2016 年的全国健康访谈调查（NHIS）数据，这些数据评估了父母对 3-17 岁儿童是否患有 ID 的回答。通过加权调查分析，我们估算了四个出生组群--(1) 1980-1984年，(2) 1985-1989年，(3) 1990-1994年，以及(4) 1995-1999年--的ID患病率。然后，将这些流行率应用于各出生组群的人口普查人口估计数（截至 2021 年 7 月 1 日），从而推算出患有智障的成年人人数：ID 的加权流行率因出生组群、性别、种族和民族以及美国人口普查局地区而异。1980-1984年出生的成年人的总患病率为1.066[95%置信区间（CI）：0.831-1.302]，1985-1989年出生的成年人的总患病率为0.772（CI：0.654-0.891），1990-1994年出生的成年人的总患病率为0.774（0.675-0.874），1995-1999年出生的成年人的总患病率为1.069（CI：0.898-1.240）。总体而言，我们估计截至 2021 年，有 818 564 名 21-41 岁左右的智障成年人生活在美国：这项研究为研究成人健康状况的研究人员提供了美国患有智障的中青年成人的估计分母。政策制定者可以利用这些信息来证明资源和服务需求的合理性，临床医生也可以从中受益，因为他们了解到智障是一种终生发展性疾病，通常伴随着额外的身体、情感和发展需求，需要量身定制的护理。

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来源期刊

Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Multiple-

CiteScore

5.60

自引率

5.60%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Journal of Intellectual Disability Research is devoted exclusively to the scientific study of intellectual disability and publishes papers reporting original observations in this field. The subject matter is broad and includes, but is not restricted to, findings from biological, educational, genetic, medical, psychiatric, psychological and sociological studies, and ethical, philosophical, and legal contributions that increase knowledge on the treatment and prevention of intellectual disability and of associated impairments and disabilities, and/or inform public policy and practice. Expert reviews on themes in which recent research has produced notable advances will be included. Such reviews will normally be by invitation.