{"title":"What are tethering elements?","authors":"Xiao Li , Michael Levine","doi":"10.1016/j.gde.2023.102151","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>High-resolution Micro-C maps identified a specialized class of regulatory DNAs termed ‘tethering elements’ (TEs) in </span><em>Drosophila</em><span>. These 300–500-bp elements facilitate specific long-range genomic associations or loops. The POZ-containing transcription factor GAF (GAGA-associated factor) contributes to loop formation. Tether–tether interactions accelerate Hox gene activation by distal enhancers, and coordinate transcription of duplicated genes (paralogs) through promoter–promoter associations. Some TEs engage in ultra-long-range enhancer–promoter and promoter–promoter interactions (meta-loops) in the </span><em>Drosophila</em> brain. We discuss the basis for tether–tether specificity and speculate on the occurrence of similar elements in vertebrate genomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50606,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Genetics & Development","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 102151"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current Opinion in Genetics & Development","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959437X23001314","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CELL BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
High-resolution Micro-C maps identified a specialized class of regulatory DNAs termed ‘tethering elements’ (TEs) in Drosophila. These 300–500-bp elements facilitate specific long-range genomic associations or loops. The POZ-containing transcription factor GAF (GAGA-associated factor) contributes to loop formation. Tether–tether interactions accelerate Hox gene activation by distal enhancers, and coordinate transcription of duplicated genes (paralogs) through promoter–promoter associations. Some TEs engage in ultra-long-range enhancer–promoter and promoter–promoter interactions (meta-loops) in the Drosophila brain. We discuss the basis for tether–tether specificity and speculate on the occurrence of similar elements in vertebrate genomes.
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Current Opinion in Genetics and Development aims to stimulate scientifically grounded, interdisciplinary, multi-scale debate and exchange of ideas. It contains polished, concise and timely reviews and opinions, with particular emphasis on those articles published in the past two years. In addition to describing recent trends, the authors are encouraged to give their subjective opinion of the topics discussed.
In Current Opinion in Genetics and Development we help the reader by providing in a systematic manner:
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2. Evaluations of the most interesting papers, annotated by experts, from the great wealth of original publications.[...]
The subject of Genetics and Development is divided into six themed sections, each of which is reviewed once a year:
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• Cell reprogramming, regeneration and repair
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