Synoptic and cloud-scale aspects related to an extreme rainfall event that occurred in April 2019 in the city of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)

IF 1.9 4区 地球科学 Q3 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI:10.1007/s00703-023-01003-x
Fabricio Polifke da Silva, Wanderson Luiz-Silva, Joao H. Huamán-Chinchay, José Ricardo de Almeida França
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Abstract

The development, rate, and duration of extreme rainfall events over a region depend on the coexistence and strength of multiple atmospheric physical conditions. Then, understanding the synoptic and cloud-scale aspects is a continuous, crucial integrated task between universities and operational centers aiming for early warning and risk management. This study first evaluates the large-scale atmospheric circulation, instability behavior, and moisture parameters before and after the start of rainfall. It also investigates the dynamic triggering for an extreme rainfall event in Rio de Janeiro between April 08th and 09th, 2019. Secondly, this study intended to examine the microphysics cloud aspects using data from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-16). From monthly records and the 99th percentile of accumulated daily rainfall, it was possible to highlight the spatial rainfall dependence on seasonal and topography with higher rainfall values recorded in the south portion of the city of Rio de Janeiro. From the large-scale synoptic aspects, concomitant circulations related to upper, middle, and lower atmospheric levels creating a dynamic vertical structure favorable to convective development were verified over southeastern Brazil. The thermodynamic parameters showed different characteristics before and after rainfall started, suggesting multi-parameters' importance as so-called "instability ingredients" for evaluating the atmospheric potential for clouds and rainfall development. The velocity divergence in upper atmospheric levels was a determinant dynamic forcing for deep convection evolution. Lastly, regarding the wind circulations, northwest winds before precipitation and a change in wind direction were related to the region's frontal systems passage. The cloud microphysics aspects showed that the channel differences approach showed that monitoring top cloud glaciation, vertical development, and particle size are indicators of heavy rainfall when the cloud top offering considerable vertical growth was a helpful tool to identify regions with huge potential to develop heavy rain.

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与 2019 年 4 月在里约热内卢市(巴西)发生的一次极端降雨事件有关的综合和云尺度问题
一个地区极端降雨事件的发展、速度和持续时间取决于多种大气物理条件的共存和强度。因此,了解同步尺度和云尺度方面的情况是大学和业务中心之间一项持续、关键的综合任务,旨在进行早期预警和风险管理。本研究首先评估了降雨开始前后的大尺度大气环流、不稳定行为和水汽参数。它还调查了 2019 年 4 月 8 日至 9 日期间里约热内卢极端降雨事件的动态触发因素。其次,本研究旨在利用地球静止业务环境卫星(GOES-16)的数据研究微物理云方面。从月度记录和累计日降雨量的第 99 百分位数来看,里约热内卢市南部地区的降雨量较高,可以突出显示降雨量与季节和地形的空间依赖关系。从大尺度同步方面来看,与高层、中层和低层大气相关的伴生环流在巴西东南部上空形成了有利于对流发展的动态垂直结构。热力学参数在降雨开始前和降雨开始后显示出不同的特征,表明多参数作为所谓的 "不稳定成分 "在评估大气中云层和降雨发展潜力方面的重要性。高层大气的速度分异是深层对流演变的决定性动力。最后,在风环流方面,降水前的西北风和风向的变化与该地区锋面系统的通过有关。云微观物理方面的研究表明,通道差异法显示,当云顶提供相当大的垂直增长时,监测云顶冰川、垂直发展和颗粒大小是强降雨的指标,是识别具有巨大发展潜力的强降雨区域的有用工具。
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来源期刊
Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics
Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 地学-气象与大气科学
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
5.00%
发文量
87
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics accepts original research papers for publication following the recommendations of a review panel. The emphasis lies with the following topic areas: - atmospheric dynamics and general circulation; - synoptic meteorology; - weather systems in specific regions, such as the tropics, the polar caps, the oceans; - atmospheric energetics; - numerical modeling and forecasting; - physical and chemical processes in the atmosphere, including radiation, optical effects, electricity, and atmospheric turbulence and transport processes; - mathematical and statistical techniques applied to meteorological data sets Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics discusses physical and chemical processes - in both clear and cloudy atmospheres - including radiation, optical and electrical effects, precipitation and cloud microphysics.
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