Dissecting the low morbidity and mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa: a critical review of the facts and fallacies

IF 1.8 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Advances in Traditional Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-21 DOI:10.1007/s13596-023-00739-6
Shuaibu Abdullahi Hudu, Abdulgafar Olayiwola Jimoh, Kasimu Ghandi Ibrahim, Yahaya Mohammed, Kehinde Ahmad Adeshina, Ahmed Kolawole Jimoh, Jibril Abubakar, Dawoud Usman, Abdalla Mohamad Jama
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Abstract

Except for South Africa, Africa recorded very low cases of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), and even lower deaths compared to other regions of the world. Several reasons were proposed to explain these low numbers. In this review, we appraise severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2) therapeutic targets and varying empirical evidence on the use of anti-COVID-19 herbal and bioactive agents in Africa and the role of geo-demographic factors associated with low morbidity and mortality in Africa. Many of the traditional medicinal plants Africans use in the fight against COVID-19 are thought to possess some intrinsic antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2. Some others were used to treat COVID-19-related symptoms with positive testimonies, making it necessary for in-depth research of African traditional medicine. The adequate knowledge of medicinal plants, their activities, dosage and appropriate duration of use will further advance traditional medical care and help researchers to identify ideal promising drug candidates for accelerated drug development. COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa is extremely complex and involves numerous unknown variables as well as region-specific factors that have often been overlooked or underestimated. Traditional, complementary, and alternative medicine in the form of plant extracts and phytochemicals have significant inhibitory effects against SARS-CoV-2 as demonstrated by both in silico and in vitro models and thus could slow replication and transmission of the virus.

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剖析 COVID-19 在非洲大流行期间的低发病率和低死亡率:对事实和谬误的批判性审查
与世界其他地区相比,除南非外,非洲记录的冠状病毒病-19(COVID-19)病例非常少,死亡人数甚至更低。人们提出了几个原因来解释这些低发病率。在这篇综述中,我们评估了严重急性呼吸系统综合症-2(SARS-CoV-2)的治疗目标,以及在非洲使用抗 COVID-19 草药和生物活性制剂的不同经验证据,以及与非洲低发病率和低死亡率相关的地理人口因素的作用。非洲人在抗击 COVID-19 时使用的许多传统药用植物被认为具有抗 SARS-CoV-2 的某些内在抗病毒特性。还有一些植物被用来治疗与 COVID-19 相关的症状,并得到了积极的证明,因此有必要对非洲传统医药进行深入研究。对药用植物、其活性、用量和适当的使用时间的充分了解将进一步推动传统医学的发展,并帮助研究人员确定理想的候选药物,加速药物开发。撒哈拉以南非洲地区的 COVID-19 极为复杂,涉及众多未知变量和地区特有因素,而这些因素往往被忽视或低估。硅学和体外模型都证明,植物提取物和植物化学物质形式的传统、补充和替代药物对 SARS-CoV-2 有显著的抑制作用,因此可以减缓病毒的复制和传播。
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来源期刊
Advances in Traditional Medicine
Advances in Traditional Medicine PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY-
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
50
期刊介绍: Advances in Traditional Medicine (ADTM) is an international and peer-reviewed journal and publishes a variety of articles including original researches, reviews, short communications, and case-reports. ADTM aims to bridging the gap between Traditional knowledge and medical advances. The journal focuses on publishing valid, relevant, and rigorous experimental research and clinical applications of Traditidnal Medicine as well as medical classics. At the same time, the journal is devoted to communication among basic researcher and medical clinician interested in the advancement of Traditional Medicine. Topics covered by the journal are: Medical Classics & History; Biomedical Research; Pharmacology & Toxicology of Natural Products; Acupuncture & Moxibustion; Sasang Constitutional Medicine; Diagnostics and Instrumental Development; Clinical Research. ADTM is published four times yearly. The publication date of this journal is 30th March, June, September, and December.
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