Wireless quantum key distribution at terahertz frequencies: Opportunities and challenges

IF 2.5 Q3 QUANTUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY IET Quantum Communication Pub Date : 2024-01-13 DOI:10.1049/qtc2.12085
Neel Kanth Kundu, Matthew R. McKay, Ranjan K. Mallik
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Abstract

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is one of the major applications of quantum information technology. It can provide ultra-secure key distribution with security guaranteed by the laws of quantum physics. Quantum key distribution is necessary to protect data transmission from quantum computing attacks in future communication networks. The laws of quantum mechanics dictate that as opposed to microwave frequencies, quantum coherence is preserved at room temperatures for terahertz (THz) frequencies. This makes the THz band a promising solution for room-temperature QKD implementation in future wireless communication networks. The authors present the principles of continuous variable QKD (CV-QKD) systems and review the latest developments in the design and analysis of CV-QKD systems operating at microwave and THz frequencies. The authors also discuss how multiple-input multiple-output transmission can be incorporated into the quantum communications framework to improve the secret key rates and increase the coverage distances of the THz CV-QKD system. Furthermore, major hardware challenges that must be surmounted to practically realise THz CV-QKD systems are highlighted.

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太赫兹频率下的无线量子密钥分发:机遇与挑战
量子密钥分发(QKD)是量子信息技术的主要应用之一。量子密钥分发(QKD)是量子信息技术的主要应用之一,它可以提供超安全的密钥分发,其安全性由量子物理定律提供保证。在未来的通信网络中,量子密钥分发是保护数据传输免受量子计算攻击的必要手段。量子力学定律表明,与微波频率不同,太赫兹(THz)频率在室温下仍能保持量子相干性。这使得太赫兹频段成为在未来无线通信网络中实现室温 QKD 的理想解决方案。作者介绍了连续可变 QKD(CV-QKD)系统的原理,并回顾了在微波和太赫兹频率下运行的 CV-QKD 系统的设计和分析方面的最新进展。作者还讨论了如何将多输入多输出传输纳入量子通信框架,以提高太赫兹 CV-QKD 系统的秘钥率和覆盖距离。此外,作者还强调了要实际实现太赫兹 CV-QKD 系统必须克服的主要硬件挑战。
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