Climate Change Mitigation Potential of Forestry Sector for Sustainability of Agro-Ecosystem: A Review

Abstract

Ecosystems that are currently struggling are likely faring and pathetic conditions because of climate change. The most pressing problems facing people in the world's developing parts of the world are water scarcity, dwindling biodiversity, and stagnant agricultural output. According to the majority of scientists, global warming can be stopped before it becomes irreversible if temperatures are kept within a range of 1.5 to 2 degrees Celsius. Greenhouse gases, sometimes known as GHGs, are the burning causes of climate change impacts. Accelerated emissions of GHGs could be dependent on the rate of social, economic, and technological development. Forest systems have a crucial impact in mitigating global warming. Clearing forests, setting them on fire, or otherwise destroying those releases massive amounts of other greenhouse gases (GHGs), even if the forests are the planet's greatest terrestrial carbon sink. Forests' source-sink dynamics and the total quantity of carbon they store are profoundly impacted by regional differences in human land use, anthropogenic climate change, and disturbance. Constantly expanding conservation, restoration, reforestation, and afforestation operations will be necessary to keep global warming under control and stop it from exceeding the crucial threshold. Forests are currently being employed as a potential tool for combating climate change, which has been demonstrated to be an effective and long-term strategy. However, the impact of climate change on forests is largely negative. The negative effects of climate change on forests are becoming more pronounced, as evidenced by an increase in the forest fire events and results in a shift in species distribution at higher altitudes, an increase in dieback, an increase in the number of insect and pathogen infestations, drought and flood conditions, and a decrease in the ecosystem services provided by forests. The IPCC has predicted that changes to ecosystems, arctic ice melting, rising sea levels, decreased grain yields, declining fisheries, and the loss of coral reefs will all have significant consequences. Therefore, protecting ecosystem services and biodiversity is crucial to ensuring humanity's survival.