Characteristics of the steam degradation of poly(lactic acid) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)

Abstract

The introduction of biodegradable plastics is considered a practical approach to reducing plastic waste accumulation in the environment. Regardless of their biodegradability, plastics should be recycled to effectively utilize and circulate carbon as a resource. Herein, the use of pyrolysis was examined as a method for recycling two common biobased/biodegradable plastics: PLA and PHBH. The pyrolysis of PLA produced lactides (10.7 wt% at 400 °C), but the yield was decreased when the pyrolysis temperature was increased. The presence of steam promoted the hydrolysis of PLA: a steam concentration of 25 vol % increased, the production of lactides at 400 °C to 17.4 wt%. The pyrolysis of PHBH primarily yielded crotonic acid (30.1 wt% at 400 °C), and the yield increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature (71.8 wt% at 800 °C). Steam injection increased the hydrolysis of oligomers, resulting in a 76.1 wt% yield of crotonic acid at 600 °C with a steam concentration of 25 vol %. Thus, we determined that hydrolysis and pyrolysis progress simultaneously under a steam atmosphere, increasing the chemical feedstock recovery from PLA and PHBH. These findings may lead to the proposal of effective degradation methods for treating biobased/biodegradable plastic wastes and ways to maximize the conversion efficiency and target product yields. Steam decomposition of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH) enhanced the recovery of chemical feedstock compared with simple pyrolysis. Steam enhanced the hydrolysis of PLA and resulted in the formation of short-chain compounds with hydroxyl end groups, and subsequent pyrolysis of them improved lactide recovery. Monomer production from PHBH was also enhanced by simultaneous hydrolysis and pyrolysis under steam decomposition.