Comparison of Omicron breakthrough infection versus monovalent SARS-CoV-2 intramuscular booster reveals differences in mucosal and systemic humoral immunity

IF 7.9 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Mucosal Immunology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI:10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.01.004
Sabryna Nantel , Salma Sheikh-Mohamed , Gary Y.C. Chao , Alexandra Kurtesi , Queenie Hu , Heidi Wood , Karen Colwill , Zhijie Li , Ying Liu , Laurie Seifried , Benoîte Bourdin , Allison McGeer , William R. Hardy , Olga L. Rojas , Tho-Alfakar Al-Aubodah , Zhiyang Liu , Mario A. Ostrowski , Mark A. Brockman , Ciriaco A. Piccirillo , Caroline Quach , Jennifer L. Gommerman
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Abstract

Our understanding of the quality of cellular and humoral immunity conferred by COVID-19 vaccination alone versus vaccination plus SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough (BT) infection remains incomplete. While the current (2023) SARS-CoV-2 immune landscape of Canadians is complex, in late 2021 most Canadians had either just received a third dose of COVID-19 vaccine, or had received their two-dose primary series and then experienced an Omicron BT. Herein we took advantage of this coincident timing to contrast cellular and humoral immunity conferred by three doses of vaccine versus two doses plus BT. Our results show thatBT infection induces cell-mediated immune responses to variants comparable to an intramuscular vaccine booster dose. In contrast, BT subjects had higher salivary immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgA levels against the Omicron spike and enhanced reactivity to the ancestral spike for the IgA isotype, which also reacted with SARS-CoV-1. Serumneutralizing antibody levels against the ancestral strain and the variants were also higher after BT infection. Our results support the need for the development of intranasal vaccines that could emulate the enhanced mucosal and humoral immunity induced by Omicron BT without exposing individuals to the risks associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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欧米克隆突破性感染与单价 SARS-CoV-2 肌肉注射增强剂的比较揭示了粘膜和全身体液免疫的差异。
我们对单独接种 2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)疫苗与接种疫苗加严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2(SARS-CoV-2)突破性 (BT) 感染所产生的细胞和体液免疫质量的了解仍不全面。虽然加拿大人目前(2023 年)的 SARS-CoV-2 免疫状况很复杂,但在 2021 年末,大多数加拿大人要么刚刚接种了第三剂 COVID-19 疫苗,要么接种了两剂初级系列疫苗,然后经历了一次 Omicron BT。在此,我们利用这一巧合时机,对比了接种三剂疫苗与接种两剂疫苗加 BT 所产生的细胞免疫和体液免疫。我们的研究结果表明,轻度 BT 感染诱导的细胞介导免疫反应变异与肌肉注射疫苗加强剂量相当。与此相反,BT 受试者唾液中针对 Omicron 穗状病毒的 IgG 和 IgA 水平较高,对祖先穗状病毒的 IgA 同工型反应性增强,后者也与 SARS-CoV-1 发生反应。BT 感染后,血清中针对祖先株和变异株的中和抗体水平也较高。我们的研究结果支持了对疫苗的需求,这种疫苗既能增强 Omicron BT 诱导的粘膜免疫和体液免疫,又不会使人面临感染 SARS-CoV-2 的风险。一句话总结 Omicron BT 可在接种疫苗的成年人中引起交叉反应性全身和粘膜免疫反应。
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来源期刊
Mucosal Immunology
Mucosal Immunology 医学-免疫学
CiteScore
16.60
自引率
3.80%
发文量
100
审稿时长
12 days
期刊介绍: Mucosal Immunology, the official publication of the Society of Mucosal Immunology (SMI), serves as a forum for both basic and clinical scientists to discuss immunity and inflammation involving mucosal tissues. It covers gastrointestinal, pulmonary, nasopharyngeal, oral, ocular, and genitourinary immunology through original research articles, scholarly reviews, commentaries, editorials, and letters. The journal gives equal consideration to basic, translational, and clinical studies and also serves as a primary communication channel for the SMI governing board and its members, featuring society news, meeting announcements, policy discussions, and job/training opportunities advertisements.
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