Jinxin Tao PhD , Scott Infusino MD , Yonatan Mintz PhD , Kara K. Hoppe DO, MS
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Management of these conditions can pose many clinical dilemmas and can be particularly challenging during the immediate postpartum period. Models for predicting and managing postpartum hypertension are necessary to help address this clinical challenge.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to evaluate predictive models of blood pressure spikes in the postpartum period and to investigate clinical management strategies to optimize care.
STUDY DESIGN
This was a retrospective cohort study of postpartum women who participated in remote blood pressure monitoring. A postpartum blood pressure spike was defined as a blood pressure measurement of ≥140/90 mm Hg while on an antihypertensive medication and a blood pressure measurement of ≥150/100 mm Hg if not on an antihypertensive medication. We identified 3 risk level patient clusters (low, medium, and high) when predicting patient risk for a blood pressure spike on postpartum days 3 to 7. The variables used in defining these clusters were peak systolic blood pressure before discharge, body mass index, patient systolic blood pressure per trimester, heart rate, gestational age, maternal age, chronic hypertension, and gestational hypertension. For each risk cluster, we focused on 2 treatments, namely (1) postpartum length of stay (<3 days or ≥3 days) and (2) discharge with or without blood pressure medications. We evaluated the effectiveness of the treatments in different subgroups of patients by estimating the conditional average treatment effect values in each cluster using a causal forest. Moreover, for all patients, we considered discharge with medication policies depending on different discharge blood pressure thresholds. We used a doubly robust policy evaluation method to compare the effectiveness of the policies.
RESULTS
A total of 413 patients were included, and among those, 267 (64.6%) had a postpartum blood pressure spike. The treatments for patients at medium and high risk were considered beneficial. The 95% confidence intervals for constant marginal average treatment effect for antihypertensive use at discharge were −3.482 to 4.840 and − 5.539 to 4.315, respectively; and for a longer stay they were −5.544 to 3.866 and −7.200 to 4.302, respectively. For patients at low risk, the treatments were not critical in preventing a blood pressure spike with 95% confidence intervals for constant marginal average treatment effect of 1.074 to 15.784 and −2.913 to 9.021 for the different treatments. We considered the option to discharge patients with antihypertensive use at different blood pressure thresholds, namely (1) ≥130 mm Hg and/or ≥80 mm Hg, (2) ≥140 mm Hg and/or ≥90 mm Hg, (3) ≥150 mm Hg and/or ≥ 100 mm Hg, or (4) ≥160 mm Hg and/or ≥ 110 mm Hg. We found that policy (2) was the best option with P<.05.
CONCLUSION
We identified 3 possible strategies to prevent outpatient blood pressure spikes during the postpartum period, namely (1) medium- and high-risk patients should be considered for a longer postpartum hospital stay or should participate in daily home monitoring, (2) medium- and high-risk patients should be prescribed antihypertensives at discharge, and (3) antihypertensive treatment should be prescribed if patients are discharged with a blood pressure of ≥140/90 mm Hg.
期刊介绍:
The American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (AJOG) is a highly esteemed publication with two companion titles. One of these is the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Maternal-Fetal Medicine (AJOG MFM), which is dedicated to the latest research in the field of maternal-fetal medicine, specifically concerning high-risk pregnancies. The journal encompasses a wide range of topics, including:
Maternal Complications: It addresses significant studies that have the potential to change clinical practice regarding complications faced by pregnant women.
Fetal Complications: The journal covers prenatal diagnosis, ultrasound, and genetic issues related to the fetus, providing insights into the management and care of fetal health.
Prenatal Care: It discusses the best practices in prenatal care to ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and the unborn child.
Intrapartum Care: It provides guidance on the care provided during the childbirth process, which is critical for the safety of both mother and baby.
Postpartum Issues: The journal also tackles issues that arise after childbirth, focusing on the postpartum period and its implications for maternal health. AJOG MFM serves as a reliable forum for peer-reviewed research, with a preference for randomized trials and meta-analyses. The goal is to equip researchers and clinicians with the most current information and evidence-based strategies to effectively manage high-risk pregnancies and to provide the best possible care for mothers and their unborn children.