Revolutionizing immune research with organoid-based co-culture and chip systems.

IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY Clinical and experimental immunology Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI:10.1093/cei/uxae004
Diana Papp, Tamas Korcsmaros, Isabelle Hautefort
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Abstract

The intertwined interactions various immune cells have with epithelial cells in our body require sophisticated experimental approaches to be studied. Due to the limitations of immortalized cell lines and animal models, there is an increasing demand for human in vitro model systems to investigate the microenvironment of immune cells in normal and in pathological conditions. Organoids, which are self-renewing, 3D cellular structures that are derived from stem cells, have started to provide gap-filling tissue modelling solutions. In this review, we first demonstrate with some of the available examples how organoid-based immune cell co-culture experiments can advance disease modelling of cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and tissue regeneration. Then, we argue that to achieve both complexity and scale, organ-on-chip models combined with cutting-edge microfluidics-based technologies can provide more precise manipulation and readouts. Finally, we discuss how genome editing techniques and the use of patient-derived organoids and immune cells can improve disease modelling and facilitate precision medicine. To achieve maximum impact and efficiency, these efforts should be supported by novel infrastructures such as organoid biobanks, organoid facilities, as well as drug screening and host-microbe interaction testing platforms. All these together or in combination can allow researchers to shed more detailed, and often patient-specific, light on the crosstalk between immune cells and epithelial cells in health and disease.

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利用类器官共培养和芯片系统革新免疫研究。
人体内各种免疫细胞与上皮细胞之间的相互作用相互交织,需要采用复杂的实验方法进行研究。由于永生细胞系和动物模型的局限性,人们越来越需要人体体外模型系统来研究免疫细胞在正常和病理情况下的微环境。由干细胞衍生的可自我更新的三维细胞结构--有机体,已开始提供填补空白的组织建模解决方案。在这篇综述中,我们首先用一些现有的例子来说明基于类器官的免疫细胞共培养实验如何推进癌症、炎症性肠病和组织再生的疾病建模。然后,我们认为,为了实现复杂性和规模化,片上器官模型与基于微流控技术的尖端技术相结合,可以提供更精确的操作和读数。最后,我们将讨论基因组编辑技术以及使用源自患者的器官组织和免疫细胞如何改善疾病模型并促进精准医疗。为了实现最大的影响和效率,这些工作应得到新型基础设施的支持,如类器官生物库、类器官设施以及药物筛选和宿主-微生物相互作用测试平台。所有这些共同或结合在一起,可以让研究人员更详细地了解免疫细胞和上皮细胞在健康和疾病中的相互作用,而且往往是针对特定病人的。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.40
自引率
2.20%
发文量
101
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Clinical & Experimental Immunology (established in 1966) is an authoritative international journal publishing high-quality research studies in translational and clinical immunology that have the potential to transform our understanding of the immunopathology of human disease and/or change clinical practice. The journal is focused on translational and clinical immunology and is among the foremost journals in this field, attracting high-quality papers from across the world. Translation is viewed as a process of applying ideas, insights and discoveries generated through scientific studies to the treatment, prevention or diagnosis of human disease. Clinical immunology has evolved as a field to encompass the application of state-of-the-art technologies such as next-generation sequencing, metagenomics and high-dimensional phenotyping to understand mechanisms that govern the outcomes of clinical trials.
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