Quantifying the effects of sensory stress on trophic cascades

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI:10.1007/s12080-024-00574-8

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Abstract

Predators mediate the strength of trophic cascades indirectly by decreasing the number of prey consuming a basal resource and by altering prey responses that dictate prey foraging. The strength of these indirect effects further depends on abiotic factors. For example, attributes of the environment, such as turbulent flows in aquatic habitats that disrupt spatial information available from chemical cues, can impose “sensory stresses” that impair the ability of predators or prey to detect each other. The multi-faceted impacts of sensory stress on both the predators and prey create challenges in predicting the overall effect on the trophic cascade. Here, we explore how sensory stress affects the strength of trophic cascades using a tri-trophic dynamical model that incorporates the sensory environment and anti-predatory responses. We explore two crucial parameters that govern outcomes of the model. First, we allow predation rates to either strengthen or weaken depending on whether prey or predators are more sensitive to sensory stress, respectively. Second, we explore scenarios where anti-predatory responses can either drive a strong or weak reduction in prey foraging. We find that sensory stress usually weakens trophic cascades except in scenarios where predators are relatively unaffected by sensory stress and the loss of anti-predatory responses does not affect prey foraging. The model finally suggests that “hydra effects” can manifest, whereby an increase in prey population occurs despite an increase in per capita predation. This last feature emerges due to the interaction between logistic growth of the basal resource and anti-predatory responses reducing the over-consumption of the basal resource.

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量化感官压力对营养级联的影响

摘要捕食者通过减少消耗基础资源的猎物数量和改变决定猎物觅食的猎物反应来间接调节营养级联的强度。这些间接影响的强度进一步取决于非生物因素。例如，环境属性（如水生栖息地的湍流会破坏化学线索提供的空间信息）会造成 "感官压力"，损害捕食者或猎物相互探测的能力。感官压力对捕食者和猎物的影响是多方面的，这给预测营养级联的总体影响带来了挑战。在这里，我们利用一个包含感官环境和反捕食反应的三营养动力学模型来探讨感官压力如何影响营养级联的强度。我们探讨了影响模型结果的两个关键参数。首先，我们允许捕食率根据猎物或捕食者对感官压力更敏感的不同而加强或减弱。其次，我们探讨了反捕食反应会导致猎物觅食率大幅或大幅下降的情况。我们发现，感官压力通常会削弱营养级联，除非在捕食者相对不受感官压力影响的情况下，反捕食反应的丧失不会影响猎物的觅食。该模型最后表明，"九头蛇效应 "可能会出现，即尽管人均捕食量增加，但猎物数量仍会增加。最后一个特征的出现是由于基础资源的逻辑增长与减少基础资源过度消耗的反捕食反应之间的相互作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.