Value Conflicts Revisited: Muslims, Gender Equality, and Gestures of Respect

Elisabeth Ivarsflaten, Marc Helbling, P. Sniderman, Richard Traunmüller
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

This is a study on the inclusion of Muslims in liberal democracies in the presence of value conflict. We focus on handshaking controversies that appear to pit gender equality against religious freedom. The possible outcomes seem mutually exclusive: either conservative Muslim minorities must conform to the norms of the majority culture, or non-Muslim majorities must acquiesce to the legitimacy of conservative Muslim ideas. Using a trio of experiments to replicate our results, we demonstrate the efficacy of introducing alternative gestures of respect. Presented with a substitute gesture of respect – placing the ‘hand on heart’ – non-Muslim demands for Muslim conformity drop dramatically. The results of the handshaking experiments call out a general lesson. Thanks to the ingenuity and versatility of cultural customs to signal respect, value conflicts can be open to resolution in everyday encounters without minorities or majorities having to forsake their convictions.
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价值冲突再审视:穆斯林、性别平等和尊重的姿态
这是一项关于在存在价值冲突的自由民主社会中穆斯林融入问题的研究。我们关注的重点是性别平等与宗教自由之间的握手争议。可能出现的结果似乎是相互排斥的:要么保守的穆斯林少数群体必须遵守多数群体文化的规范,要么非穆斯林多数群体必须默认保守穆斯林思想的合法性。通过三组实验来复制我们的结果,我们证明了引入替代性尊重姿态的有效性。在使用替代性尊重手势--将 "手放在心上"--时,非穆斯林对穆斯林服从性的要求急剧下降。握手实验的结果提供了一个普遍的启示。由于文化习俗在表示尊重方面的独创性和多样性,价值冲突可以在日常接触中得到解决,而无需少数或多数人放弃自己的信念。
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