About chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency caused by cardiac pathology (literature review)

I. Zozulya, A. Volosovets
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Abstract

The widespread introduction of cardiological diagnostic methods in clinical angioneurology has significantly enriched the data on the role of cardiovascular diseases in the development of cerebrovascular pathology. Various cardiac disorders play a significant role in the development of cardioembolic and haemodynamic ischaemic strokes. It has been scientifically proven that chronic heart failure, along with hypertension, is a risk factor for the occurrence of a chronic form of cerebrovascular disease — chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency. The characteristic feature of all types of cardiovascular insufficiency is the inability of the circulatory system to deliver to the organs, systems, tissues, including the brain, the amount of blood necessary for their normal functioning, both at rest and especially during exertion. In their daily practice, neurologists encounter patients with chronic heart failure and symptoms of cerebrovascular disease (memory loss, reduced performance, depression). Underestimation of these conditions can result in a shortened life due to irreversible damage to target organs (heart, brain, kidneys). In the absence of adequate treatment, death is possible within the first 5 years after the onset of heart failure. The degree of disease progression depends on many factors: clinical and pathogenetic variant of chronic heart failure, the rate of the pathological process, the presence of myocardial damage and remodeling, complications from target organs. In this article, we tried to analyse the literature data of domestic and foreign authors on the pathogenetic mechanisms of chronic heart failure, the impact on its development and the course of its complications, and, above all, brain damage in the form of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency.
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关于心脏病引起的慢性脑血管功能不全(文献综述)
随着心脏病诊断方法在临床血管神经病学中的广泛应用,有关心血管疾病在脑血管病变中的作用的数据得到了极大丰富。各种心脏疾病在心肌栓塞性中风和血流动力学缺血性中风的发生中起着重要作用。科学证明,慢性心力衰竭和高血压是发生慢性脑血管疾病--慢性脑血管功能不全的危险因素。所有类型的心血管功能不全的特征都是循环系统无法向包括大脑在内的器官、系统和组织输送正常运转所需的血液量,无论是在静止状态下,还是在劳累状态下尤为如此。神经科医生在日常工作中会遇到慢性心力衰竭和脑血管疾病症状(记忆力减退、工作能力下降、抑郁)的患者。低估这些病症可能会导致患者因目标器官(心脏、大脑、肾脏)受到不可逆转的损害而缩短生命。在缺乏适当治疗的情况下,心力衰竭患者有可能在发病后 5 年内死亡。疾病进展的程度取决于许多因素:慢性心力衰竭的临床和病理变异、病理过程的速度、心肌损伤和重塑的存在、靶器官的并发症。在本文中,我们试图分析国内外学者关于慢性心力衰竭的发病机制、对其发展的影响及其并发症的过程,尤其是以慢性脑血管功能不全形式出现的脑损伤的文献资料。
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