Nucleophilic amino acids as a renewable alternative to petrochemically-derived amines in glycerol epoxy resins

IF 20.2 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, PAPER & WOOD Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI:10.1016/j.jobab.2024.01.003

Yunyi Liang , Yonghong Luo , Yingji Wu , Xiaona Li , Quyet Van Le , Jianzhang Li , Changlei Xia

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Abstract

The standard epoxy resin curing agents revealed are from unsustainable petroleum-based sources, which produce poisonous exhaust when cured. Amino acids, a bio-based epoxy curing agent with amino and carboxyl groups, are another potential curing agent. Water-soluble epoxy resins cured with lysine (Lys), glutamic acid (Glu), leucine (Leu), and serine (Ser) as amino acids were investigated. The results showed that the water-soluble epoxy resin (glycerol epoxy resins, GER) was cured with Lys and Glu after reacting. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic analysis of the GER-Lys showed that the amino and carboxyl groups of Lys primarily reacted with the epoxy groups of GER. The elongation at break of Lys-cured GER (GER-Lys) cured at 70 ℃ with a molar ratio of 1꞉0.75 was 75.32%. The fact that elongations at break of GER-Lys (79.43%) were higher than those of GER-Glu (17.33%), respectively supports the decrease of crosslinking density by the amino acid-cured GER reaction. The potential of Lys and Glu alternatives for petrochemical amines is demonstrated and provides promising opportunities for industrial application.

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亲核氨基酸作为甘油环氧树脂中石油化学衍生胺的可再生替代品

所揭示的标准环氧树脂固化剂来自不可持续的石油来源，固化时会产生有毒废气。氨基酸是一种生物基环氧固化剂，带有氨基和羧基，是另一种潜在的固化剂。研究人员对用赖氨酸（Lys）、谷氨酸（Glu）、亮氨酸（Leu）和丝氨酸（Ser）作为氨基酸固化的水溶性环氧树脂进行了调查。结果表明，水溶性环氧树脂（甘油环氧树脂，GER）与赖氨酸和谷氨酸反应后固化。GER-Lys 的傅立叶变换红外光谱分析显示，Lys 的氨基和羧基主要与 GER 的环氧基团发生反应。摩尔比为 1꞉0.75 的 Lys 固化 GER（GER-Lys）在 70 ℃ 固化时的断裂伸长率为 75.32%。GER-Lys 的断裂伸长率（79.43%）分别高于 GER-Glu 的断裂伸长率（17.33%），这一事实证明氨基酸固化 GER 反应降低了交联密度。这证明了 Lys 和 Glu 作为石化胺替代品的潜力，并为工业应用提供了广阔的前景。

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