Evaluation of SMOS Sea Surface Salinity with Argo data along the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Pakistan

IF 3.7 3区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-28 DOI:10.1016/j.ejrs.2024.01.006

Muhammad Shafiq, Muhammad Naveed Javed, Adnan Aziz, Mudassar Umar

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Abstract

Ocean-Atmosphere interactions have been gradually recognized to play a significant role in hydrological cycle and climate change. It is essential to understand ocean-circulation behaviour, including the Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) which is a root cause of variations in sea water density in both coastal system and open ocean. The study has evaluated the performance of SSS obtained from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite data. Daily Barcelona Expert Center (BEC), SMOS, SSS data from 2012 to 2016 are compared with the salinity observations from Argo floats within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Pakistan. Statistics between a daily reporting Argo float and daily SMOS SSS resulted in a spatial correlation, a bias, a standard deviation, and a variance has been examined to determine the monthly, annual and seasonal variations of SSS. Bias analysis showed the underestimation between −0.52 and −0.008 psu while variance has been observed to be between 0.02 and 0.19 psu. The monthly, seasonal and yearly comparison suggests both SMOS and Argo are are found to be in concurrence. Finally, it has been revealed that SSS retrieval algorithm by BEC SMOS provides good estimation along the EEZ of Pakistan.

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利用 Argo 数据对巴基斯坦专属经济区（EEZ）沿岸的 SMOS 海洋表面盐度进行评估

人们逐渐认识到，海洋-大气相互作用在水文循环和气候变化中发挥着重要作用。了解海洋环流行为至关重要，包括海表盐度（SSS），它是沿岸系统和公海海水密度变化的根本原因。这项研究评估了从土壤水分和海洋盐度（SMOS）卫星数据中获得的 SSS 的性能。将 2012 年至 2016 年巴塞罗那专家中心（BEC）、SMOS 和 SSS 的每日数据与 Argo 浮标在巴基斯坦专属经济区（EEZ）内的盐度观测数据进行了比较。每日报告的 Argo 浮标与每日 SMOS SSS 之间的统计结果显示了空间相关性、偏差、标准偏差和方差，并对其进行了研究，以确定 SSS 的月度、年度和季节变化。偏差分析表明，低估值介于 -0.52 和 -0.008 psu 之间，而方差则介于 0.02 和 0.19 psu 之间。月度、季节和年度比较表明，SMOS 和 Argo 都是一致的。最后，BEC SMOS 的 SSS 检索算法为巴基斯坦专属经济区提供了良好的估算。

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来源期刊

Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Sciences Multiple-

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

48 weeks

期刊介绍： The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Sciences (EJRS) encompasses a comprehensive range of topics within Remote Sensing, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), planetary geology, and space technology development, including theories, applications, and modeling. EJRS aims to disseminate high-quality, peer-reviewed research focusing on the advancement of remote sensing and GIS technologies and their practical applications for effective planning, sustainable development, and environmental resource conservation. The journal particularly welcomes innovative papers with broad scientific appeal.