SARS-CoV-2-associated T-cell infiltration in the central nervous system

IF 4.6 2区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Clinical & Translational Immunology Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI:10.1002/cti2.1487
Malte Mohme, Christoph Schultheiß, Andras Piffko, Antonia Fitzek, Lisa Paschold, Benjamin Thiele, Klaus Püschel, Markus Glatzel, Manfred Westphal, Katrin Lamszus, Jakob Matschke, Mascha Binder
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Abstract

Objectives

Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection mainly presents with respiratory illness, neurologic symptoms and sequelae are increasingly recognised in the long-term treatment of COVID-19 patients. The pathophysiology and the neuropathogenesis behind neurologic complications of COVID-19 remain poorly understood, but mounting evidence points to endothelial dysfunction either directly caused by viral infection or indirectly by inflammatory cytokines, followed by a local immune response that may include virus-specific T cells. However, the type and role of central nervous system-infiltrating T cells in COVID-19 are complex and not fully understood.

Methods

We analysed distinct anatomical brain regions of patients who had deceased as a result of COVID-19-associated pneumonia or complications thereof and performed T cell receptor Vβ repertoire sequencing. Clonotypes were analysed for SARS-CoV-2 association using public TCR repertoire data.

Results

Our descriptive study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2-associated T cells are found in almost all brain areas of patients with fatal COVID-19 courses. The olfactory bulb, medulla and cerebellum were brain regions showing the most SARS-CoV-2 specific sequence patterns. Neuropathological workup demonstrated primary CD8+ T-cell infiltration with a perivascular infiltration pattern.

Conclusion

Future research is needed to better define the relationship between T-cell infiltration and neurological symptoms and its long-term impact on patients' cognitive and mental health.

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中枢神经系统中与 SARS-CoV-2 相关的 T 细胞浸润
感染严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2(SARS-CoV-2)会导致冠状病毒病 2019(COVID-19)。虽然急性 SARS-CoV-2 感染主要表现为呼吸系统疾病,但在 COVID-19 患者的长期治疗中,神经系统症状和后遗症越来越受到重视。人们对 COVID-19 神经系统并发症的病理生理学和神经发病机制仍然知之甚少,但越来越多的证据表明,病毒感染直接导致内皮功能障碍,或炎症细胞因子间接导致内皮功能障碍,随后可能出现包括病毒特异性 T 细胞在内的局部免疫反应。然而,中枢神经系统浸润 T 细胞在 COVID-19 中的类型和作用十分复杂,尚未完全明了。
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来源期刊
Clinical & Translational Immunology
Clinical & Translational Immunology Medicine-Immunology and Allergy
CiteScore
12.00
自引率
1.70%
发文量
77
审稿时长
13 weeks
期刊介绍: Clinical & Translational Immunology is an open access, fully peer-reviewed journal devoted to publishing cutting-edge advances in biomedical research for scientists and physicians. The Journal covers fields including cancer biology, cardiovascular research, gene therapy, immunology, vaccine development and disease pathogenesis and therapy at the earliest phases of investigation.
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