The effect of repeated measurements and within-individual variance on the estimation of heritability: a simulation study

IF 16.4 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI:10.1007/s00265-024-03435-w
Mónika Jablonszky, László Zsolt Garamszegi
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Abstract

The estimation of heritability is a common practice in the field of ecology and evolution. Heritability of the traits is often estimated using one single measurement per individual, although many traits (especially behavioural and physiological traits) are characterized by large within-individual variance, and ideally a large number of within individual measurements can be obtained. Importantly, the effect of the within-individual variance and the rate at which this variance is sampled on the estimation of heritability has not been thoroughly tested. We fill this gap of knowledge with a simulation study, and assess the effect of within- and between-individual sample size, and the true value of the variance components on the estimation of heritability. In line with previous studies we found that the accuracy and precision of heritability estimation increased with sample size and accuracy with higher values of additive genetic variance. When the sample size was above 500 accuracy and power of heritability estimates increased in the models including repeated measurements, especially when within-individual variance was high. We thus suggest to use a sample of more than 100 individuals and to include more than two repeated measurements per individual in the models to improve estimation when investigating heritability of labile traits.

Significance statement

Heritability reflects the part of the trait’s phenotypic variation underlined by genetic variation. Despite the difficulties of heritability calculation (high number of individuals is needed with known relatedness), it is a widely used measure in evolutionary studies. However, not every factor potentially affecting the quality of heritability estimation is well understood. We thus investigated with a comprehensive simulation study how the number of repeated measurements per individuals and the amount of within-individual variation influence the goodness of heritability estimation. We found that although the previously described effect of the number of studied individuals was the most important, including repeated measurements also improved the reliability of the heritability estimates, especially when within-individual variation was high. Our results thus highlight the importance of including repeated measurements when investigating the heritability of highly plastic traits, such as behavioural or physiological traits.

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重复测量和个体内方差对遗传率估计的影响:模拟研究
摘要 遗传率的估算是生态学和进化领域的常见做法。尽管许多性状(尤其是行为和生理性状)具有较大的个体内变异,理想情况下可以获得大量的个体内测量值,但性状的遗传力通常是通过对每个个体进行一次测量来估算的。重要的是,个体内方差和方差采样率对遗传率估计的影响尚未得到彻底测试。我们通过模拟研究填补了这一知识空白,并评估了个体内和个体间样本大小以及方差成分真实值对遗传率估计的影响。与之前的研究一致,我们发现遗传率估算的准确度和精确度随着样本量的增加而增加,并且随着加性遗传变异值的增加而增加。当样本量超过 500 个时,在包括重复测量的模型中,遗传率估计的准确性和功率都会增加,尤其是当个体内变异较高时。因此,我们建议在研究易变性状的遗传率时,使用 100 个以上的样本,并在模型中对每个个体进行两次以上的重复测量,以提高估算的准确性。尽管遗传率的计算很困难(需要大量已知亲缘关系的个体),但它仍是进化研究中广泛使用的一种测量方法。然而,并不是所有可能影响遗传率估算质量的因素都很清楚。因此,我们通过一项综合模拟研究,探讨了每个个体的重复测量次数和个体内变异量如何影响遗传率估算的质量。我们发现,虽然之前描述的研究个体数量的影响是最重要的,但包括重复测量也能提高遗传率估计的可靠性,尤其是当个体内部变异较大时。因此,我们的研究结果凸显了在研究行为或生理特征等可塑性强的性状的遗传率时加入重复测量的重要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Accounts of Chemical Research
Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合
CiteScore
31.40
自引率
1.10%
发文量
312
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.
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