Estimation of anti-diabetes drug metformin in Turkiye using wastewater-based epidemiology

IF 2.6 3区医学 Q2 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI:10.1002/dta.3646

Evsen Yavuz Guzel, Aslı Atasoy Aydin, İsmail Ethem Gören, Necdet Unuvar, Nebile Daglioglu

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Abstract

Metformin is the most commonly used drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D), which is dramatically increasing due to factors such as increasing obesity, physical inactivity, and aging of the population. Metformin analysis was carried out in composite wastewater samples seasonally collected from wastewater treatment plants in 10 cities in 2019 and 2020 30 cities in 2021 in Turkiye. Metformin was measured in all wastewater samples, with an average concentration of 97.81 μg/l in 2019, 75.19 μg/l in 2020, and 69.13 μg/l in 2021. This study was utilized to predict metformin usage in different sociodemographic regions in Turkiye using a wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) approach. As a result of the analysis, the average metformin consumption in Turkiye was estimated to be 22.2 ± 9.6 [1.9–63.8] g/d/1,000 persons (mean ± SD [range]). Furthermore, these estimates were compared with data for time, sociodemographic characteristics, and patient numbers. Assessing the correlation with estimates and the socioeconomic classes of the cities in question revealed that cities with high-income levels had the lowest metformin use rate. Finally, the study provides supporting data aiding the development of public health strategies for decreasing the overall load of T2D across Turkiye.

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利用基于废水的流行病学估算土耳其抗糖尿病药物二甲双胍的用量

二甲双胍是治疗 2 型糖尿病（T2D）的最常用药物，由于肥胖、缺乏运动和人口老龄化等因素，T2D 的发病率正在急剧上升。我们于 2019 年和 2021 年分别对土耳其 10 个城市和 2020 年 30 个城市的污水处理厂采集的季节性复合废水样本进行了二甲双胍分析。所有废水样本中都检测到了二甲双胍，2019 年的平均浓度为 97.81 μg/l，2020 年为 75.19 μg/l，2021 年为 69.13 μg/l。本研究采用基于废水的流行病学（WBE）方法，对土耳其不同社会人口地区的二甲双胍使用情况进行了预测。分析结果显示，土耳其的二甲双胍平均消费量估计为 22.2 ± 9.6 [1.9-63.8] 克/天/1,000 人（平均值 ± SD [范围]）。此外，这些估计值还与时间、社会人口特征和患者人数等数据进行了比较。在评估估计值与相关城市社会经济阶层的相关性时发现，高收入城市的二甲双胍使用率最低。最后，该研究提供了辅助数据，有助于制定公共卫生战略，降低土耳其全国的 T2D 总负荷。

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来源期刊

Drug Testing and Analysis BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS-CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

CiteScore

5.90

自引率

24.10%

发文量

191

审稿时长

2.3 months

期刊介绍： As the incidence of drugs escalates in 21st century living, their detection and analysis have become increasingly important. Sport, the workplace, crime investigation, homeland security, the pharmaceutical industry and the environment are just some of the high profile arenas in which analytical testing has provided an important investigative tool for uncovering the presence of extraneous substances. In addition to the usual publishing fare of primary research articles, case reports and letters, Drug Testing and Analysis offers a unique combination of; ‘How to’ material such as ‘Tutorials’ and ‘Reviews’, Speculative pieces (‘Commentaries’ and ‘Perspectives'', providing a broader scientific and social context to the aspects of analytical testing), ‘Annual banned substance reviews’ (delivering a critical evaluation of the methods used in the characterization of established and newly outlawed compounds). Rather than focus on the application of a single technique, Drug Testing and Analysis employs a unique multidisciplinary approach to the field of controversial compound determination. Papers discussing chromatography, mass spectrometry, immunological approaches, 1D/2D gel electrophoresis, to name just a few select methods, are welcomed where their application is related to any of the six key topics listed below.