Geldof Expert Consensus Classification of Perianal Fistulizing Crohn's Disease: A Real-World Application in a Serial Fistula MRI Cohort

Abstract

Background and Aims: Perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease (CD-PAF) is an aggressive phenotype of Crohn's disease (CD) defined by frequent relapses and disabling symptoms. A novel consensus classification system was recently outlined by Geldof et al. that seeks to unify disease severity with patient-centered goals but has not yet been validated. We aimed to apply this to a real-world cohort and identify factors that predict transition between classes over time. Methods: We identified all patients with CD-PAF and at least one baseline and one follow-up pelvic (pMRI). Geldof Classification, disease characteristics, and imaging indices were collected retrospectively at time-periods corresponding with respective MRIs. Results: We identified 100 patients with CD-PAF of which 96 were assigned Geldof Classes 1-2c at baseline. Most patients (78.1%) started in Class 2b, but changes in classification were observed in 52.1% of all patients. Male sex (72.0%, 46.6%, 40.0%, p = 0.03) and prior perianal surgery (52.0% vs 44.6% vs 40.0%, p = 0.02) were more frequently observed in those with improved. Baseline pMRI indices were not associated with changes in classification, however, greater improvements in mVAI, MAGNIFI-CD, and PEMPAC were seen among those who improved. Linear mixed effect modeling identified only male sex (-0.31, 95% CI -0.60 to -0.02) with improvement in class. Conclusion: Geldof classification highlights the dynamic nature of CDPAF over time, however, our ability to predict transitions between classes remains limited and requires prospective assessment. Improvement in MRI index scores over time was associated with a transition to lower Geldof classification. Keywords: Crohn's disease; perianal fistula; classification system; pelvic MRI