Reading the epitranscriptome of the human malaria parasite

IF 4.1 3区医学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Biomedical Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-03 DOI:10.1016/j.bj.2024.100703

Gayathri Govindaraju, Arumugam Rajavelu

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Abstract

Epigenetic machinery has emerged as a central player in gene regulation and chromatin organization in Plasmodium spp. Epigenetic modifications on histones and their role in antigenic variation in P. falciparum are widely studied. Recent discoveries on nucleic acid methylome are exciting and provide a new dimension to the apicomplexan protozoan parasite's gene regulatory process. Reports have confirmed that N6-methyl adenosine (m6A) methylation plays a crucial role in the translational plasticity of the human malaria parasite during its development in RBC. The YTH domain (YT521-B Homology) protein in P. falciparum binds to m6A epitranscriptome modifications on the mRNA and regulates protein translation. The binding of the PfYTH domain protein to the m6A-modified mRNA is mediated through a binding pocket formed by aromatic amino acids. The P. falciparum genome encodes two members of YTH domain proteins, i.e., YTH1 and YTH2, and both have distinct roles in dictating the epitranscriptome in human malaria parasites. This review highlights recent advancements in the functions and mechanisms of YTH domain protein's role in translational plasticity in the various developmental stages of the parasite.

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解读人类疟原虫的表观转录组

组蛋白的表观遗传修饰及其在恶性疟原虫抗原变异中的作用已被广泛研究。最近在核酸甲基化组方面的发现令人兴奋，为疟原虫的基因调控过程提供了一个新的维度。有报告证实，N6-甲基腺苷（m6A）甲基化在人类疟原虫在红细胞发育过程中的翻译可塑性中起着至关重要的作用。恶性疟原虫的 YTH 结构域（YT521-B 同源物）蛋白与 mRNA 上的 m6A 表转录修饰结合，并调节蛋白质的翻译。PfYTH 结构域蛋白与经 m6A 修饰的 mRNA 的结合是通过芳香族氨基酸形成的结合袋介导的。恶性疟原虫基因组编码两种 YTH 结构域蛋白，即 YTH1 和 YTH2，这两种蛋白在人类疟原虫的表转录组中发挥着不同的作用。本综述重点介绍 YTH 结构域蛋白在寄生虫各发育阶段翻译可塑性中的功能和机制方面的最新进展。

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来源期刊

Biomedical Journal Medicine-General Medicine

CiteScore

11.60

自引率

1.80%

发文量

128

审稿时长

42 days

期刊介绍： Biomedical Journal publishes 6 peer-reviewed issues per year in all fields of clinical and biomedical sciences for an internationally diverse authorship. Unlike most open access journals, which are free to readers but not authors, Biomedical Journal does not charge for subscription, submission, processing or publication of manuscripts, nor for color reproduction of photographs. Clinical studies, accounts of clinical trials, biomarker studies, and characterization of human pathogens are within the scope of the journal, as well as basic studies in model species such as Escherichia coli, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and Mus musculus revealing the function of molecules, cells, and tissues relevant for human health. However, articles on other species can be published if they contribute to our understanding of basic mechanisms of biology. A highly-cited international editorial board assures timely publication of manuscripts. Reviews on recent progress in biomedical sciences are commissioned by the editors.