Area-weighted unipolar voltage to predict heart failure outcomes in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy and ventricular tachycardia

Abstract

Aims Patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) referred for catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) are at risk for end-stage heart failure (HF) due to adverse remodelling. Local unipolar voltages (UV) decrease with loss of viable myocardium. A UV parameter reflecting global viable myocardium may predict prognosis. We evaluate if a newly proposed parameter, area-weighted unipolar voltage (awUV), can predict HF-related outcomes [HFO; HF death/left ventricular (LV) assist device/heart transplant] in ICM. Methods and results From endocardial voltage maps of consecutive patients with ICM referred for VT ablation, awUV was calculated by weighted interpolation of local UV. Associations between clinical and mapping parameters and HFO were evaluated and validated in a second cohort. The derivation cohort consisted of 90 patients [age 68 ±8 years; LV ejection fraction (LVEF) 35% interquartile range (IQR) (24–40)] and validation cohort of 60 patients [age 67 ± 9, LVEF 39% IQR (29–45)]. In the derivation cohort, during a median follow-up of 45 months [IQR (34–83)], 36 (43%) patients died and 23 (26%) had HFO. Patients with HFO had lower awUV [4.51 IQR (3.69–5.31) vs. 7.03 IQR (6.08–9.2), P < 0.001]. A reduction in awUV [optimal awUV (5.58) cut-off determined by receiver operating characteristics analysis] was a strong predictor of HFO (3-year HFO survival 97% vs. 57%). The cut-off value was confirmed in the validation cohort (2-year HFO-free survival 96% vs. 60%). Conclusion The newly proposed parameter awUV, easily available from routine voltage mapping, may be useful at identifying ICM patients at high risk for HFO.