4-Methyl-1-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole (MPT): A Novel, Highly Efficient Nitrification Inhibitor for Agricultural Applications

IF 2.3 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACS agricultural science & technology Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI:10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00506
Sibel C. Yildirim, Joses G. Nathanael, Katharina Frindte, Otávio dos Anjos Leal, Robert M. Walker, Ute Roessner, Claudia Knief, Nicolas Brüggemann and Uta Wille*, 
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Abstract

Nitrogen fertilization in agriculture has serious environmental consequences, including production of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O), pollution of groundwater with nitrate (NO3), and river eutrophication. Nitrogen use efficiency can be increased by amending fertilizers with inhibitors to slow microbial nitrification processes, which transform ammonia to NO3. Unfortunately, commercial inhibitors have failed to perform reliably across various agroecosystems for reasons not well understood. Using a combination of bacterial studies and soil incubations, we demonstrate here that 4-methyl-1-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole (MPT) exhibits superior nitrification inhibitory properties. Unlike the commercial reversible inhibitors, MPT acts as a mechanistic, irreversible inhibitor of the key enzyme ammonia monooxygenase, enabling effective retention of ammonium (NH4+) and suppression of NO3 and N2O production over 21 days in several agricultural soils with pH values ranging from 4.7 to 7.5. A bacterial viability stain and a suite of freshwater and terrestrial ecotoxicity tests did not indicate any acute or chronic toxicity. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis revealed an enhanced inhibitory effect of MPT on both ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea. Thus, MPT outperforms currently available nitrification inhibitors and has great potential for broad application in various agricultural settings.

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4-甲基-1-(丙-2-炔-1-基)-1H-1,2,3-三唑 (MPT):一种新型、高效的农业硝化抑制剂
农业施氮肥会造成严重的环境后果,包括产生温室气体一氧化二氮(N2O)、硝酸盐(NO3-)污染地下水以及河流富营养化。通过在肥料中添加抑制剂来减缓微生物硝化过程(将氨转化为 NO3-),可以提高氮的利用效率。遗憾的是,商业抑制剂未能在各种农业生态系统中发挥可靠的作用,原因尚不清楚。我们结合细菌研究和土壤培养,在此证明 4-甲基-1-(丙-2-炔-1-基)-1H-1,2,3-三唑(MPT)具有卓越的硝化抑制特性。与商业可逆抑制剂不同的是,MPT 是关键酶氨单加氧酶的机理不可逆抑制剂,能有效保留铵(NH4+),并在几种 pH 值为 4.7 到 7.5 的农业土壤中抑制 NO3- 和 N2O 的产生,持续时间长达 21 天。细菌活力染色以及一系列淡水和陆地生态毒性测试均未显示出任何急性或慢性毒性。实时定量聚合酶链反应(qPCR)分析表明,MPT 对氨氧化细菌和古细菌的抑制作用都有所增强。因此,MPT 优于目前可用的硝化抑制剂,在各种农业环境中具有广泛应用的巨大潜力。
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