Spectral-based Quantitative Ultrasound Imaging Processing Techniques: Comparisons of RF Versus IQ Approaches.

IF 2.5 4区 医学 Q1 ACOUSTICS Ultrasonic Imaging Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-06 DOI:10.1177/01617346231226224
Mingrui Liu, Zhengchang Kou, Yuning Zhao, James W Wiskin, Gregory J Czarnota, Michael L Oelze
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Abstract

Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is an imaging technique which includes spectral-based parameterization. Typical spectral-based parameters include the backscatter coefficient (BSC) and attenuation coefficient slope (ACS). Traditionally, spectral-based QUS relies on the radio frequency (RF) signal to calculate the spectral-based parameters. Many clinical and research scanners only provide the in-phase and quadrature (IQ) signal. To acquire the RF data, the common approach is to convert IQ signal back into RF signal via mixing with a carrier frequency. In this study, we hypothesize that the performance, that is, accuracy and precision, of spectral-based parameters calculated directly from IQ data is as good as or better than using converted RF data. To test this hypothesis, estimation of the BSC and ACS using RF and IQ data from software, physical phantoms and in vivo rabbit data were analyzed and compared. The results indicated that there were only small differences in estimates of the BSC between when using the original RF, the IQ derived from the original RF and the RF reconverted from the IQ, that is, root mean square errors (RMSEs) were less than 0.04. Furthermore, the structural similarity index measure (SSIM) was calculated for ACS maps with a value greater than 0.96 for maps created using the original RF, IQ data and reconverted RF. On the other hand, the processing time using the IQ data compared to RF data were substantially less, that is, reduced by more than a factor of two. Therefore, this study confirms two things: (1) there is no need to convert IQ data back to RF data for conducting spectral-based QUS analysis, because the conversion from IQ back into RF data can introduce artifacts. (2) For the implementation of real-time QUS, there is an advantage to convert the original RF data into IQ data to conduct spectral-based QUS analysis because IQ data-based QUS can improve processing speed.

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基于光谱的定量超声成像处理技术:射频与 IQ 方法的比较。
定量超声(QUS)是一种成像技术,包括基于光谱的参数化。典型的光谱参数包括后向散射系数 (BSC) 和衰减系数斜率 (ACS)。传统上,基于光谱的 QUS 依靠射频(RF)信号来计算基于光谱的参数。许多临床和研究用扫描仪只能提供同相和正交(IQ)信号。为了获取射频数据,常见的方法是通过与载频混合将 IQ 信号转换回射频信号。在本研究中,我们假设直接从 IQ 数据计算的基于频谱的参数的性能,即准确度和精确度,与使用转换后的射频数据一样好,甚至更好。为了验证这一假设,我们对使用软件、物理模型和活体兔子数据中的射频和 IQ 数据估算的 BSC 和 ACS 进行了分析和比较。结果表明,使用原始射频、从原始射频导出的 IQ 和从 IQ 重新转换的射频对 BSC 的估计值只有很小的差异,即均方根误差(RMSE)小于 0.04。此外,在计算 ACS 地图的结构相似性指数(SSIM)时,使用原始 RF、IQ 数据和重新转换的 RF 绘制的地图的结构相似性指数大于 0.96。另一方面,与 RF 数据相比,使用 IQ 数据的处理时间大大减少,即减少了 2 倍以上。因此,这项研究证实了两点:(1)在进行基于光谱的 QUS 分析时,没有必要将 IQ 数据转换回射频数据,因为将 IQ 数据转换回射频数据会产生伪影。(2)对于实时 QUS 的实施,将原始射频数据转换为 IQ 数据以进行基于频谱的 QUS 分析具有优势,因为基于 IQ 数据的 QUS 可以提高处理速度。
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来源期刊
Ultrasonic Imaging
Ultrasonic Imaging 医学-工程:生物医学
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
8.70%
发文量
15
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Ultrasonic Imaging provides rapid publication for original and exceptional papers concerned with the development and application of ultrasonic-imaging technology. Ultrasonic Imaging publishes articles in the following areas: theoretical and experimental aspects of advanced methods and instrumentation for imaging
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