Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination Coverage and Seropositivity amongst Nigerians 18 Years Old and Above.

IF 0.8 Q3 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-07 DOI:10.4103/npmj.npmj_299_23
Faisal Shuaib, Yetunde Odusolu, Bassey Bassey Okposen, Opeyemi Osibogun, Sulaimon Akanmu, Abdullahi Mohammed, Shuaib Yahya, Tanimola Akande, Alhaji Aliyu, Chigozie Ifeadike, Aderonke Akande, Adesuwa Aigbokhaode, Akin Adebiyi, Charles Tobin-West, Oladele Simeon Olatunya, Emmanuel Aguwa, Garba Danjuma, Joseph Dika, Augustina Nwosu, Tope Olubodun, Adebimpe Oladunjoye, Opeyemi Giwa, Akin Osibogun
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Abstract

Background: This was a cross-sectional community-based survey to study the prevalence of serum antibodies against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-COV-1) and determine possible source of antibodies as to whether from vaccination or from natural infection as well as attempt to compare antibody levels in response to the different four types of vaccines administered in Nigeria.

Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study of the prevalence of serum antibodies against all four vaccine types used in Nigeria amongst a representative sample of people aged 18 years and above in the six geopolitical zones of the country using a multistage sampling technique covering 12 states of the country with two states being randomly selected from each geopolitical zone. High-throughput Roche electrochemiluminescence immunoassay system (Elecsys Anti-SARS-COV-1 Cobas) was used for qualitative and quantitative detection of antibodies to SARS-COV-1 in human plasma.

Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the proportions with seropositivity for both the vaccinated and the unvaccinated (P = 0.95). The nucleocapsid antibody (anti-Nc) titres were similar in both the vaccinated and the unvaccinated, whereas the Spike protein antibody (anti-S) titres were significantly higher amongst the vaccinated than amongst the unvaccinated. Antibody levels in subjects who received different vaccines were compared to provide information for policy.

Conclusion: While only 45.9% of the subjects were reported to have been vaccinated, 98.7% of the subjects had had contact with the SARS-COV-1 as evidenced by the presence of nucleocapsid (NC) antibodies in their plasma. The 1.3% who had not been exposed to the virus, had spike protein antibodies which most likely resulted from vaccination in the absence of NC antibodies. Successive vaccination and booster doses either through heterogeneous or homologous vaccines increased antibody titres, and this stimulation of immune memory may offer greater protection against coronavirus disease 2019.

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尼日利亚 18 岁及以上人口中 2019 年冠状病毒病疫苗接种覆盖率和血清阳性率。
背景:这是一项以社区为基础的横断面调查,目的是研究严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 1(SARS-COV-1)血清抗体的流行情况,确定抗体的可能来源是接种疫苗还是自然感染,并尝试比较尼日利亚接种的四种不同类型疫苗的抗体水平:一项基于社区的横断面研究,采用多阶段抽样技术,覆盖尼日利亚 12 个州,从每个地缘政治区随机抽取两个州,对该国六个地缘政治区内具有代表性的 18 岁及以上人群进行抽样调查,以了解尼日利亚使用的所有四种疫苗的血清抗体流行情况。采用高通量罗氏电化学发光免疫分析系统(Elecsys Anti-SARS-COV-1 Cobas)对人体血浆中的 SARS-COV-1 抗体进行定性和定量检测:接种疫苗者和未接种疫苗者的血清阳性比例无明显统计学差异(P = 0.95)。接种者和未接种者的核壳抗体(抗-Nc)滴度相似,而接种者的尖峰蛋白抗体(抗-S)滴度明显高于未接种者。比较了接种不同疫苗的受试者的抗体水平,以便为制定政策提供信息:结论:虽然只有 45.9% 的受试者接种过疫苗,但 98.7% 的受试者接触过 SARS-COV-1,其血浆中出现的核壳(NC)抗体证明了这一点。1.3% 的受试者没有接触过病毒,但他们的血浆中存在尖峰蛋白抗体,这很可能是由于接种疫苗后没有产生 NC 抗体。通过异源疫苗或同源疫苗连续接种和加强剂量可提高抗体滴度,这种免疫记忆的刺激可为预防 2019 年冠状病毒疾病提供更大的保护。
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来源期刊
Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal
Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL-
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
52
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