Patient-derived organoids in human cancer: a platform for fundamental research and precision medicine.

IF 6.3 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Molecular biomedicine Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI:10.1186/s43556-023-00165-9
Shanqiang Qu, Rongyang Xu, Guozhong Yi, Zhiyong Li, Huayang Zhang, Songtao Qi, Guanglong Huang
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Abstract

Cancer is associated with a high degree of heterogeneity, encompassing both inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity, along with considerable variability in clinical response to common treatments across patients. Conventional models for tumor research, such as in vitro cell cultures and in vivo animal models, demonstrate significant limitations that fall short of satisfying the research requisites. Patient-derived tumor organoids, which recapitulate the structures, specific functions, molecular characteristics, genomics alterations and expression profiles of primary tumors. They have been efficaciously implemented in illness portrayal, mechanism exploration, high-throughput drug screening and assessment, discovery of innovative therapeutic targets and potential compounds, and customized treatment regimen for cancer patients. In contrast to conventional models, tumor organoids offer an intuitive, dependable, and efficient in vitro research model by conserving the phenotypic, genetic diversity, and mutational attributes of the originating tumor. Nevertheless, the organoid technology also confronts the bottlenecks and challenges, such as how to comprehensively reflect intra-tumor heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment, tumor angiogenesis, reduce research costs, and establish standardized construction processes while retaining reliability. This review extensively examines the use of tumor organoid techniques in fundamental research and precision medicine. It emphasizes the importance of patient-derived tumor organoid biobanks for drug development, screening, safety evaluation, and personalized medicine. Additionally, it evaluates the application of organoid technology as an experimental tumor model to better understand the molecular mechanisms of tumor. The intent of this review is to explicate the significance of tumor organoids in cancer research and to present new avenues for the future of tumor research.

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人类癌症中源自患者的器官组织:基础研究和精准医疗的平台。
癌症具有高度的异质性,包括肿瘤间和肿瘤内的异质性,而且不同患者对普通治疗方法的临床反应也存在相当大的差异。传统的肿瘤研究模型,如体外细胞培养和体内动物模型,都有很大的局限性,无法满足研究要求。源自患者的肿瘤器官组织能再现原发性肿瘤的结构、特定功能、分子特征、基因组学改变和表达谱。它们在疾病描绘、机理探索、高通量药物筛选和评估、发现创新治疗靶点和潜在化合物以及为癌症患者量身定制治疗方案等方面得到了有效应用。与传统模型相比,肿瘤类器官保留了原发肿瘤的表型、遗传多样性和突变属性,是一种直观、可靠和高效的体外研究模型。然而,类器官技术也面临着瓶颈和挑战,如如何全面反映肿瘤内异质性、肿瘤微环境、肿瘤血管生成、降低研究成本、建立标准化的构建流程并保持可靠性等。本综述广泛探讨了肿瘤类器官技术在基础研究和精准医疗中的应用。它强调了源自患者的肿瘤类器官生物库对于药物开发、筛选、安全性评估和个性化医疗的重要性。此外,它还评估了类器官技术作为肿瘤实验模型的应用,以更好地了解肿瘤的分子机制。本综述旨在阐述肿瘤类器官在癌症研究中的意义,并为未来的肿瘤研究提出新的途径。
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CiteScore
6.30
自引率
0.00%
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0
审稿时长
10 weeks
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